If you were to consider all the truly stressful situations in your life, you'd probably find that many, if not most, involve other people. This week, we focus on communication and what it means to be mindful in our interactions with others, whether it be family members, co-workers or neighbors. Our focus up until now has been on our internal world (thoughts, feelings and sensations); now we move from the intra-personal to the inter-personal, taking into account another's world, and the place where their world and ours meet. This means recognizing that "the other" (person or persons) have their own perceptions, feelings and needs, which are almost certainly different than ours.

Listening
Most of us don't really listen very deeply when we are in conversation. As Tara Brach says in The Sacred Art of Listening: "We spend most of our moments when someone is speaking, planning what we’re going to say, evaluating it, trying to come up with our presentation of our self, or controlling the situation. Pure listening is a letting go of control. It’s not easy and takes training… The bottom line is when we are listened to, we feel connected. When we’re not listened to, we feel separate."

Dealing with Conflict
Effective communication with those who we disagree with is extraordinarily difficult. If you are like most people, you have a fall-back strategy to deal with conflict that was learned early in life, one that is habitual and embedded in interactions with others. The three most common strategies are: accommodate ("be nice"), demand ("me first"), or withdraw ("I don't care"). There is a fourth way, one that involves investigating both your world and the other's world, that can sometimes yield a surprising and creative solution that honors both worlds. In the martial art, Aikido, this would be called blending, a move that harms neither party and turns conflict into more of a dance than a fight. This is complex and an art form in itself, and forms the basis of Marshall Rosenberg's Non-Violent Communication (NVC), something that is briefly introduced this week.

Videos
Susan Piver, in an entertaining and provocative presentation, The Art of Being Heard, describes four principles of mindful communication (timing, listening, agenda-less-ness, confidence). Her description of confidence may surprise you, especially given the fact that this particular presentation was given to a business audience. In the second video, Tara Brach talks about The Sacred Art of Listening, and in Awakening Through Conflict, she begins to answer the question of how one deals with conflict in communication.

Reading
Included in the reading is a written companion to the video above by Tara Brach, also called The Sacred Art of Listening. Anger is sometimes confused with hatred and identified as an emotion that a "spiritual" person would not have. Sylvia Boorstein clarifies this misunderstanding with The Most Frequently Asked Question. Our typical way of dealing with anger is to either externalize it or stuff it, and in The Answer to Anger Pema Chodron describes a powerful middle way, neither exploding nor imploding. Conflict Management Styles describes the four ways of dealing with conflict outlined above (accommodate, demand, withdraw, blend), and The Heart of Non-Violent Communication (NVC) by Marshall Rosenberg, is an introduction to NVC, a skillful way of communicating in difficult situations. For those wishing to know more about NVC, see the Supplementary Materials.

Daily Practices
This week, we introduce the Mountain Meditation and the Lake Meditation, one of which we suggest you try at least once this week, in place of one of your normal 30 minute practices. These are both shorter practices (20 min), so on the day you do one of these meditations, you will have a shorter practice session (if you’d like a full 30 minutes, you can add 10 minutes of silent meditation on your own that day).

For the formal practice this week, we are now at a point where you can freely choose between any of the three main practices you've experienced so far: Body Scan, Sitting Meditation, Yoga (and the Mountain Meditation or Lake Meditation at least one day).

The informal practices up until now have been focusing on the intra-personal (what's happening inside you) and now we begin paying attention to the inter-personal, using the Communication Calendar, noticing what happens when we bring mindfulness to relationships.

Videos
      The Art of Being Heard - Susan Piver [16 min]
      The Sacred Art of Listening - Tara Brach [19 min]
      Awakening Through Conflict - Tara Brach [9 min]

Reading
       The Sacred Art of Listening - Tara Brach
       The Most Frequently Asked Question - Sylvia Boorstein
       The Answer to Anger - Pema Chodron
       Conflict Management Styles - summary of communication styles
       The Heart of Nonviolent Communication (NVC) - Marshall Rosenberg

Practice sheets
       Formal Practice [PDF] [or WORD format] - Body Scan, Sitting, Yoga (+ Mountain or Lake Med.)
       Informal Practice [PDF] [or WORD format] - Communication Calendar

Supplementary materials related to this week's topic
       Deep Listening video by Frank Ostaseski [3 min]
       Can We Talk? (3 mindfulness practices) article by Lili Powell (Mindful Magazine)
       What Really Makes Us Happy video of Robert Waldinger [21 min]
       Non-Violent Communication interview of Marshall Rosenberg [21 min]
       Non-Violent Communication: A Language of Life book by Marshall Rosenberg
       Intimate Relationship as a Spiritual Crucible article by John Welwood
       Tuning In: Tips on how to be a good listener article by David Rome
       E-Mail Is Easy to Write (and to Misread) article by Daniel Goleman
       AH, FOWL - The Anger Process adapted from Barbara De Angelis' "Love Letters"

NOTE: If you are compiling a manual based on the suggestions in MBSR Manual, you would print a copy of this page as well as the Readings and Practice Sheets given above. For a version of this page which has been reformatted for your manual go to the printer-ready version of this page.