capitalism

Examples of capitalism in the following topics:

• The Nineteenth Century

  • Associated with industrialism and capitalism, the 19th century looms large in the history of economic policy and economic thought.
  • As the century most associated with industrialization and capitalism in the West, the 19th century looms large in the history of economic policy and economic thought.
  • Just as the term "mercantilism" had been coined and popularized by its critics like Adam Smith, so was the term "capitalism" or Kapitalismus used by its dissidents, primarily Karl Marx.
  • They developed the theory of capital and tried to explain the presence of economic crises.
  • Karl Marx's definition and popularizing of the term "capitalism" or Kapitalismus, as defined in "Das Kapital," first published in 1867, remains one of the most influential works on the subject to this day.

• The Fifth Amendment

  • No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
  • The Fifth Amendment states that everyone deserves a Grand Jury in the case of a capital crime.

• Promoting the General Welfare

  • Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "
  • Similarly, Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "

• Liberalism

  • Liberalism espouses a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, and can encompass ideas such as free and fair elections, free trade, private property, capitalism, constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free press, and the free exercise of religion.
  • Some confusion remains about the relationship between social liberalism and socialism, despite the fact that many variants of socialism distinguish themselves markedly from liberalism by opposing capitalism, hierarchy and private property.
  • Social democracy, an ideology advocating progressive reform of capitalism, emerged in the 20th century and was influenced by socialism.
  • It was not against the state; rather it was broadly defined as a project that aims to correct, through government reformism, what it regards as the intrinsic defects of capitalism by reducing inequalities.

• Federal Income Tax Rates

  • Capital gains are taxable, and capital losses reduce taxable income only to the extent of gains.
  • Individuals currently pay a lower rate of tax on capital gains and certain corporate dividends.

• Business and Labor in the Economy

  • The relationship between business and labor has been at the center of some of the major economic and political theories about capitalism over the last two centuries.
  • In his 1867 work, Das Kapital, Karl Marx argued that business and labor were inherently at odds under capitalism, because the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of profit and surplus value.

• Fiscal Policy

  • If the interest and capital requirements are too large, a nation may default on its debts, usually to foreign creditors, while public debt or borrowing refers to the government borrowing from the public.
  • When government borrowing increases interest rates it attracts foreign capital from foreign investors.
  • Therefore, when foreign capital flows into the country undergoing fiscal expansion, demand for that country's currency increases.

• China

  • International human rights organizations have identified a number of potential violations in China, including the use of capital punishment, the application of the one child policy, the denial of independence to Tibet, the absence of a free press, the absence of an independent judiciary with due process, the absence of labor rights, and the absence of religious freedom.

• Powers Denied to Congress

  • No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

• The Traditional Political Spectrum

  • Support for laissez-faire capitalism was expressed by politicians sitting on the left, because these represented policies favorable to capitalists rather than to the aristocracy, but outside of parliamentary politics, these views are often characterized as being on the right.
  • The size of the working class increased as capitalism expanded and began to find expression partly through trade unionist, socialist, anarchist, and communist politics, rather than being confined to the capitalist policies expressed by the original left.