Examples of quorum sensing in the following topics:
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- Quorum sensing is a system of stimulus and response correlated to population density.
- Quorum sensing is a system of stimulus and response correlated to population density.
- In similar fashion, some social insects use quorum sensing to determine where to nest.
- Quorum sensing may be achieved by degrading the signalling molecule.
- Some of the best-known examples of quorum sensing come from studies of bacteria.
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- These are survival strategies that affect the normal physiology of the bacteria in response to factors such as innate immune response, predator sensing, quorum sensing and antimicrobial signs.
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- When starved of amino acids, myxobacteria, or slime bacteria, detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing.
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- It is during this colonization that the cells are able to communicate via quorum sensing using such products as AHL.
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- Two-component systems couple mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions.
- They typically consist of a membrane-bound histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental stimulus and a corresponding response regulator that mediates the cellular response.
- Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond and adapt to a wide range of environments, stressors and growth conditions.
- These pathways have been adapted to respond to a wide variety of stimuli, including nutrients, cellular redox state, changes in osmolarity, quorum signals, antibiotics, temperature, chemoattractants, pH and more.
- The N-terminal domain of this protein forms part of the cytoplasmic region of the protein, which may be the sensor domain responsible for sensing turgor pressure.
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- Single stranded RNA viruses can be classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative-sense and positive-sense, or ambisense RNA viruses.
- Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to mRNA and thus can be immediately translated by the host cell.
- Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by an RNA polymerase before translation.
- Purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense RNA; each virion can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs.
- Ambisense RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they also translate genes from the positive strand.
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- Animal RNA viruses can be classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative-sense, positive-sense, or ambisense RNA viruses.
- The RNA found in a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself, as it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense RNA.
- The complementary plus-sense mRNA must be made before proteins can be translated from the viral genome.
- Each virion that has one negative-strand copy can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs.
- Rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses that can successfully utilize a myriad of ecological niches, ranging from plants and insects, to fish and mammals.
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- Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971) is a classification system that places viruses into one of seven groups depending on a combination of their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), strandedness (single-stranded or double-stranded), Sense, and method of replication .
- VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (+)sense RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g.
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- Replication also involves synthesis of viral messenger RNA (mRNA) from "early" genes (with exceptions for positive sense RNA viruses), viral protein synthesis, possible assembly of viral proteins, then viral genome replication mediated by early or regulatory protein expression.
- No viral proteins can be made until viral messenger RNA is available; thus, the nature of the RNA in the virion affects the strategy of the virus: In plus-stranded RNA viruses, the virion (genomic) RNA is the same sense as mRNA and so functions as mRNA.
- Positive-sense ssRNA viruses (Group IV) have their genome directly utilized as if it were mRNA, with host ribosomes translating it into a single protein which is modified by host and viral proteins to form the various proteins needed for replication.
- The positive-sense RNA serves as template for complementary negative-strand synthesis, thereby producing a double-stranded RNA (replicative form, RF) (5).
- The newly synthesized positive-sense RNA molecules can serve as templates for translation (7) or associate with capsid precursors to undergo encapsidation and induce the maturation cleavage of VP0 (8), which ultimately generates progeny virions.
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- Reoviruses)IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (+)sense RNA (e.g.
- Picornaviruses, Togaviruses)V: (−)ssRNA viruses (−)sense RNA (e.g.
- VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (+)sense RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g.