Second-Wave Feminism

Examples of Second-Wave Feminism in the following topics:

• Second-Wave Feminism

  • Second-wave Feminism is a period of feminist activity that manifested in the United States during the early 1960s, lasting through the 60s, 70s, and 80s.
  • Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
  • Many feminists view the second-wave feminist era as ending with the intra-feminism disputes of the Feminist Sex Wars , which ushered in the era of third-wave feminism.
  • This book is widely credited with having begun second-wave feminism.
  • Second-wave feminism was largely successful, with the failure of the ratification of the ERA the only major legislative defeat .

• The Women's Rights Movement

  • Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity.
  • In the United States, second-wave feminism, initially called the Women's Liberation Movement , began during the early 1960s and lasted through the late 1990s.
  • Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
  • This book is widely credited with having begun second-wave feminism.
  • Compare and contrast the first and second waves of feminism in the United States

• The Feminist Perspective

  • Feminism is a broad term that is the result of several historical social movements attempting to gain equal economic, political, and social rights for women.
  • First-wave feminism focused mainly on legal equality, such as voting, education, employment, marriage laws, and the plight of intelligent, white, middle-class women.
  • Second-wave feminism went a step further by seeking equality in family, employment, reproductive rights, and sexuality.
  • Although there was great improvements with perceptions and representations of women that extended globally, the movement was not unified and several different forms of feminism began to emerge: black feminism, lesbian feminism, liberal feminism, and social feminism.

• Gender and Social Movements

  • Second-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity beginning in the early 1960s and through the late 1980s.
  • Second Wave Feminism has existed continuously since then, and continues to coexist with what some people call Third Wave Feminism.
  • Second wave feminism saw cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked.
  • Finally, the third-wave of feminism began in the early 1990s.
  • Third-wave feminism seeks to challenge or avoid what it deems the second wave's "essentialist " definitions of femininity , which (according to them) over-emphasized the experiences of upper middle class white women.

• The New Wave of Feminism

  • Second-wave feminism distinguished itself from earlier women's movements in that it expanded to include issues of sexuality, family, and reproductive rights.
  • Women's movements of the late 19th and early 20th century (later known as first-wave feminism) focused primarily on overturning legal obstacles to gender equality, such as voting rights and property rights.
  • In contrast, the second wave of feminism in the 1960s, inspired and galvanized by the civil rights movement of the same era, broadened the debate of women's rights to encompass a wider range of issues, including sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
  • Second-wave feminism radically changed the face of western culture, leading to marital rape laws, the establishment of rape crisis and battered women's shelters, significant changes in custody and divorce law, and widespread integration of women into sports activities and the workplace.
  • Outline the key events in the development of the second wave feminist movement

• The Feminist Perspective

  • Feminist thought has a rich history, which is categorized into three waves.
  • At the turn of the century, the first wave of feminism focused on official, political inequalities and fought for women's suffrage.
  • In the 1960s, second wave feminism, also known as the women's liberation movement, turned its attention to a broader range of inequalities, including those in the workplace, the family, and reproductive rights.
  • Currently, a third wave of feminism is criticizing the fact that the first two waves of feminism were dominated by white women from advanced capitalist societies.
  • The relationship between feminism and race was largely overlooked until the second wave of feminists produced literature on the topic of black feminism.

• The Feminist Movement

  • The second wave, generally taking place from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, was concerned with cultural and political inequalities, which feminists perceived as being inextricably linked.
  • The third wave, starting in the 1990s, rose in response to the perceived failures of the second wave feminism.
  • It seeks to challenge or avoid what it deems the second wave's "essentialist" definitions of femininity, which often assumed a universal female identity and over-emphasized the experiences of upper-middle-class white women.
  • The first wave of women's feminism focused on suffrage, while subsequent feminist efforts have expanded to focus on equal pay, reproductive rights, sexual harassment, and others.
  • Compare and contrast the three waves of feminism in the United States and their historical achievements

• The Influence of Feminism

  • Feminism in art has always sought to change the reception of contemporary art and bring visibility to women within art history and practice.
  • Feminism has always existed and, generally speaking, prioritizes the creation of an opposition to this system.
  • Corresponding with general developments within feminism, the so-called "second wave" of the movement gained some prominence in the 1960s and flourished throughout the 1970s.
  • During the heyday of second wave feminism, women artists in New York began to come together for meetings and exhibitions.
  • Postmodern feminism is an approach to feminist theory that incorporates postmodern and post-structuralist theory, and thus sees itself as moving beyond the modernist polarities of liberal feminism and radical feminism towards a more intersectional concept of our reality.

• The New Feminism

  • The 19th- and early 20th-century feminist activity that sought to win women's suffrage, female education rights, better working conditions, and abolition of gender double standards is known as first-wave feminism.
  • The term "first-wave" was coined retrospectively when the term second-wave feminism was used to describe a newer feminist movement that fought social and cultural inequalities beyond basic political inequalities.
  • Feminists did not recognize separate waves of feminism until the second wave was so named by journalist Martha Lear, according to Jennifer Baumgardner.
  • Baumgardner reports criticism by professor Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz of the division into waves and the difficulty of categorizing some feminists into specific waves, argues that the main critics of a wave are likely to be members of the prior wave who remain vital, and that waves are coming faster.
  • The "waves debate" has influenced how historians and other scholars have established the chronologies of women's political activism.

• Women's Activism

  • The term "first wave feminism" describes the women's movements during the Gilded Age, which primarily focused on women's suffrage.
  • First-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity during the 19th and early 20th century in the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States.
  • Matilda Joslyn Gage of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), resembled the radicalism of much of second-wave feminism.
  • The first wave of feminists, in contrast to the second wave, focused very little on the subjects of abortion, birth control, and overall reproductive rights of women.
  • The end of the first wave is often linked with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1920), granting women the right to vote.