manganese

Examples of manganese in the following topics:

• Manganese

  • Manganese is a silvery-gray metal that resembles iron.
  • Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic.
  • Manganese compounds where manganese is in oxidation state of 7+ are powerful oxidizing agents.
  • The most stable oxidation state (oxidation number) for manganese is 2+, which has a pale pink color, and many manganese(II) compounds are common, such as manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4) and manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2).
  • In the human brain, the manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes.

• Titanium, Chromium, and Manganese

  • Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion on steel.
  • In biology, manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions.
  • Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants.
  • Manganese is often used in pigments, again like chromium.
  • Manganese is also poisonous; if enough is inhaled, it can cause irreversible neurological damage.

• The Lithium-Ion Battery

  • Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNMC) batteries offer lower energy density but longer lives and inherent safety.
  • The anode is generally one of three materials: a layered oxide (such as lithium cobalt oxide), a polyanion (such as lithium iron phosphate), or a spinel (such as lithium manganese oxide).

• Color

  • An example occurs in octahedral complexes such as in complexes of manganese(II).
  • In fact, many compounds of manganese(II), like manganese(II) chloride , appear almost colorless.

• Dry Cell Battery

  • The cathode is a central carbon rod, surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese(IV) dioxide (MnO2).
  • The manganese(IV) oxide in the cell removes the hydrogen produced by the ammonium chloride, according to the following reaction:

• Physical Properties and Atomic Size

  • An example occurs in octahedral, high-spin complexes of manganese(II) in which all five electrons have parallel spins.
  • In fact, many compounds of manganese(II) appear almost colorless.

• Chemical Analysis

  • Zinc, nickel, cobalt, and manganese are determined by the addition of ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrogen sulfide gas.

• Mercury Battery

  • Mercury batteries use either pure mercuric oxide or a mixture of mercuric oxide with manganese dioxide as the cathode.

• Steelmaking and Refining

  • In this stage, impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium are added to produce the exact steel required.

• Oxidation Numbers of Metals in Coordination Compounds

  • The maximum oxidation number in the first row of transition metals is equal to the number of valence electrons from scandium (+3) up to manganese (+7).