Examples of Natural Rights in the following topics:
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- "The rights of Englishmen" refers to unwritten constitutional rights and liberties, originating in Britain peaking in the Enlightenment.
- "The rights of Englishmen" is a concept used to describe a tradition of unwritten constitutional rights and liberties, originating in Britain, from which many Anglo-American declarations of rights have drawn inspiration.
- For instance, in 1690, John Locke (one of the fathers of the English Enlightenment) wrote that all people have fundamental natural rights to "life, liberty and property," and that governments were created in order to protect these rights.
- Locke's political theory was founded on a social contract theory: that in a state of nature, all people were equal and independent, and everyone had a natural right to defend his "life, health, liberty, or possessions. " However, Locke argued, as it is more rational to live in an organized society where labor is divided and civil conflicts could be decided without violence, governments were established to protect the "life, health, liberty, and possessions" of men.
- Essentially, Lockean conceptions of political rights included the right of man to determine the political structure that would oversee the protection of his natural rights.
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- The Northwest Ordinance foreshadowed the rights of individuals in the Bill of Rights and prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River.
- The Natural Rights provisions of the ordinance foreshadowed the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the U.S.
- Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
- In the Northwest Territory, various legal and property rights were enshrined and religious tolerance was proclaimed.
- "The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them. "
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- These limitations serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property of individual citizens from any tyrannical measures imposed by the federal government.
- The English Bill of Rights differed substantially in form and intent from the American Bill of Rights, because it was intended to address the rights of citizens as represented by Parliament against the Crown.
- Bill of Rights, including the right of petition, an independent judiciary, freedom of speech, freedom from cruel and unusual punishments, and freedom to bear arms.
- Second Amendment: establishes the right of the state to having militia and the right of the individual to keep and bear arms.
- Sixth Amendment: guarantees trial by jury and rights of the accused; Confrontation Clause, speedy trial, public trial, right to counsel.
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- The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution.
- The amendments have the purpose of protecting the natural rights of liberty and property.
- He based much of the Bill of Rights on the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) primarily authored by George Mason.
- Sixth Amendment: guarantees trial by jury and rights of the accused; Confrontation Clause, speedy trial, public trial, right to counsel
- Explain the purpose behind the establishment of the Bill of Rights
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- After the Glorious Revolution, British and Anglo-American intellectuals contended that (white) men had inalienable rights to liberty and property.
- For instance, in 1690, John Locke (one of the fathers of the English Enlightenment) wrote that all people have fundamental natural rights to "life, liberty, and property" and that governments were created in order to protect these rights.
- If they did not, according to Locke, the people had a right to alter or abolish their government.
- The ensuing language of the "rights of Englishmen" that dominated 17th- and 18th-century discourse in Britain and the North American colonies thus gave rise to a sense of national identity that revolved around the belief that (white) men held certain "inalienable" rights of liberty and property that could not be violated by any political power.
- Freedom of speech: The government cannot restrict the citizen's right to criticize authority or voice opposition to the government.
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- Lochner argued that the right to freely contract was one of the rights encompassed by substantive due process.
- Seven years earlier, the Supreme Court had accepted the argument that the Due Process Clause protected the right to contract in Allgeyer v.
- In a similar vein, Adam Smith viewed the economy as a natural system and the market as an organic part of that system.
- Smith saw laissez-faire as a moral program, and the market its instrument to ensure men the rights of natural law.
- By extension, free markets become a reflection of the natural system of liberty.
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- Susan Brownell Anthony (1820 – 1906) was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.
- She also co-founded the women's rights journal, The Revolution.
- Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the United States.
- They argued that the Fourteenth Amendment, which defined citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof," included women and that the Fifteenth Amendment provided all citizens with the right to vote.
- Using this logic, they asserted that women now had the constitutional right to vote and that it was simply a matter of claiming that right.
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- Fannie Lou Hamer was an American voting rights activist, civil rights leader, and philanthropist.
- The hymns also reflected Hamer's belief that the civil rights struggle was a deeply spiritual one.
- She was known to the volunteers of Freedom Summer — most of whom were young, white, and from northern states — as a motherly figure who believed that the civil rights effort should be multi-racial in nature.
- Height was also a founding member of the Council for United Civil Rights Leadership.
- Viola Liuzzo was a Unitarian Universalist civil rights activist from Michigan.
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- Deism is a religious philosophy that holds that reason and observation of the natural world in a form other than organized religion can determine that the universe is the product of (an) intelligent creator(s).
- According to Deists, the creator rarely, if ever, either intervenes in human affairs or suspends the natural laws of the universe.
- Another major contributor to Deism was Elihu Palmer (1764–1806), who wrote the "Bible" of American deism in his Principles of Nature (1801) and attempted to organize Deism by forming the "Deistical Society of New York. "
- The principle of religious freedom, guaranteed in the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights, was inspired partially by Deist ideas.
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- The American Enlightenment was an era of prolific discourse in which Anglo-American intellectuals studied human nature, society, and religion.
- Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century, key Enlightenment thinkers applied scientific reasoning to studies of human nature, society, and religion.
- The intellectual leaders of the Enlightenment employed scientific experimentation and reasoning to discover general principles that governed the movement of planets, gravity, and natural law; acquire knowledge about philosophical principles; and challenge unquestioned authorities or principles.
- Drawing on the principles of Deism and the Enlightenment's aversion to established faiths, James Madison later enshrined religious tolerance as a fundamental American right in the United States Bill of Rights.
- ...to secure these rights [life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness] governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government.