Marshall Plan

Examples of Marshall Plan in the following topics:

• The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

  • The Marshall Plan aid was divided amongst the participant states on a roughly per capita basis.
  • The Marshall Plan was originally scheduled to end in 1953.
  • TThe political effects of the Marshall Plan may have been just as important as the economic ones.
  • One of a number of posters created to promote the Marshall Plan in Europe.
  • Assess the role of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan in the escalating Cold War

• The Cold War Begins

  • The Cold War began with the formation of the Eastern Bloc, as well as the implementation of the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Blockade.
  • In June 1947, in accordance with the Truman Doctrine, the United States enacted the Marshall Plan, a pledge of economic assistance for all European countries willing to participate, including the Soviet Union.
  • Stalin opposed the Marshall Plan.
  • Fearing American political, cultural and economic penetration, Stalin eventually forbade Soviet Eastern bloc countries from accepting Marshall Plan aid.
  • The Soviet Union's alternative to the Marshall plan, which was purported to involve Soviet subsidies and trade with eastern Europe, became known as the Molotov Plan.

• Conclusion: Truman and the Beginning of the Cold War

  • A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions, including the Soviet-German pact during the first two years of the war leading to subsequent invasions, the perceived delay of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe, the western allies' support of the Atlantic Charter, disagreement in wartime conferences over the fate of Eastern Europe, the Soviets' creation of an Eastern Bloc of Soviet satellite states, western allies scrapping the Morgenthau Plan to support the rebuilding of German industry, and the Marshall Plan.
  • Although he claimed no personal expertise on foreign matters, Truman won bipartisan support for both the Truman Doctrine, which formalized a policy of Soviet containment, and the Marshall Plan, which aimed to help rebuild postwar Europe.
  • Truman announced his "Truman Plan" to Congress on March 12, 1947 and further developed it on July 12, 1948 when he pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey.
  • He approved Ernest Bevin's plan to supply the blockaded city by air.
  • Joseph Stalin "planned, prepared, and initiated" the invasion, creating "detailed [war] plans" that were communicated to the North Koreans.

• National Security

  • The act and its changes, along with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, were major components of the Truman administration's Cold War strategy.
  • Despite this direction from the federal government, evacuation plans were soon created.
  • Such plans were plausible in the early days of the Cold War, when an attack would have come from strategic bombers, which would have allowed a warning of many hours.
  • However, civil defense officials still worked to prepare evacuation plans.
  • In 1983, President Ronald Reagan announced the Crisis Relocation Plan.

• MacArthur's Leapfrogging

  • King, the Chief of Naval Operations, proposed a plan with similar elements but under Navy command.
  • Marshall, whose main goal was for the U.S. to concentrate its efforts against Nazi Germany in Europe and not against the Japanese in the Pacific, proposed a compromise plan in which the task would be divided into three stages, the first under Navy command and the second two under MacArthur's direction and the control of the Army.
  • This strategic plan, which was never formally adopted by the U.S.
  • MacArthur had presented Elkton III, his revised plan for taking Rabaul before 1944, on 12 February 1943.
  • In early November, MacArthur's plan for a westward advance along the coast of New Guinea to the Philippines was incorporated into plans for the war against Japan.

• The Burr Conspiracy

  • In 1805, Burr conceived plans to emigrate out of the United States, which he claimed was for the purpose of taking possession of land in the Texas Territory leased to him by the Spanish.
  • Reports of Burr's plans first appeared in newspaper reports in August of 1805, suggesting that Burr intended to raise a western army and "to form a separate government."
  • He was acquitted due to lack of evidence, as Chief Justice Marshall did not consider conspiracy without actions sufficient for conviction.
  • Burr's lawyers, including John Wickham, asked Chief Justice John Marshall to subpoena Jefferson, claiming that they needed documents from Jefferson to accurately present their case.
  • Chief Justice Marshall decided that the subpoena could be issued despite Jefferson's presidency.

• The Marshall Court

  • Marshall had helped lead the Federalist Party in Virginia, served in the U.S.
  • The Senate confirmed Marshall on January 27, 1801.
  • In his 34-year tenure, Marshall gave it the energy and weight of a third co-equal branch.
  • The Marshall Court struck down an act of Congress in only one case (Marbury v.
  • John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801–1835.

• The Transformation of Law

  • In 1803, the Marshall Court struck down an act of Congress in Marbury v.
  • Marshall decided in favor of the bank and established that states could not tax federal institutions.
  • Another important case over which Marshall presided was Gibbons v.
  • Marshall affirmed the supremacy of the federal government over the state of Maryland in this decision.
  • John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for over 30 years.

• Federal Intervention

  • Robert Kennedy responded by sending 400 federal marshals, hoping that legal means, along with the escort of U.S.
  • Marshals, would be enough to force the governor to allow Meredith admission.
  • Marshals guarding Meredith at Lyceum Hall.
  • Two people, including a French journalist, were killed; 28 marshals suffered gunshot wounds, and 160 others were injured.
  • In 1963, activists made plans to desegregate downtown Birmingham merchants.

• The Allied Drive Toward Berlin

  • In February 1945, Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood.
  • The crossing of the Rhine was achieved at four points: One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the Ludendorff bridge at Remagen, one crossing was a hasty assault, and two crossings were planned.
  • The first step of Eisenhower's plan was the eradication of the Ruhr Pocket.
  • Field Marshal Montgomery took the German military surrender of all German forces in The Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on Lüneburg Heath, an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen, on May 4 1945.