shock

Examples of shock in the following topics:

• Types of Shock

  • Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrates for aerobic cellular respiration.
  • In some people with circulatory shock, blood pressure remains stable.
  • Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
  • Obstructive shock is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of the heart.
  • Septic shock is the most common cause of distributive shock and is caused by an overwhelming systemic infection that cannot be cleared by the immune system, resulting in vasodilation and hypotension.

• Signs and Symptoms of Shock

  • The clinical manifestation of shock varies depending on the type of shock and the individual, but there are some general symptoms.
  • The presentation of shock varies.
  • Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
  • The symptoms of cardiogenic shock are similar to those of hypovolemic shock.
  • The symptoms of neurogenic shock are distinct from those of classical shock, as the heart rate slows and and superficial vessels vasodilate and warm the skin.

• Homeostatic Responses to Shock

  • An organism responds with numerous reactions during each of the four stages of shock in an attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis.
  • Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrate for aerobic cellular respiration.
  • There are four stages of shock.
  • The increase in acidity will initiate the Cushing reflex, generating the classic symptoms of shock.
  • At the refractory stage, the vital organs have failed and shock can no longer be reversed.

• The Resistance Reaction

  • Alarm is the first stage, which is divided into two phases: the shock phase and the anti-shock phase.
  • The organism's resistance to the stressor drops temporarily below the normal range and some level of shock (e.g., circulatory shock) may be experienced.

• Water Balance Disorders

  • Hypovolemia is a cause of hypovolemic shock.
  • Shock is any condition in which the body's fluids are unable to properly circulate and oxygenate the major organs of the human body, causing compensatory mechanisms to activate, which cause further bodily harm as the body's metabolism is maintained for a while longer.
  • In the case of hypovolemic shock, tissue metabolism is impaired due to a lack of blood volume, making it difficult for red blood cells to reach all of the tissues of the body.
  • Other forms of shock with similar symptoms may be due to problems in the heart (cardiogenic) or bacterial infection (septic).

• Extremes in Blood Pressure

  • Hypotension is best understood as a physiological state rather than a disease and is often associated with shock, though not necessarily indicative of it.
  • Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock.

• Plasma and Blood Volume Expanders

  • This is marked by hypoxia and hypovolemic shock, a condition in which tissue oxygenation drops from a lack of blood volume and harmful compensatory mechanisms activate, causing more damage.
  • An intravenous solution of hydroxyethyl starch is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or another problem.
  • When tissue blood perfusion is maintained, shock is averted as the dangerous compensatory mechanisms of shock aren't activated.

• Pancreatitis

  • Severe pancreatitis is a serious medical emergency, and patients are typically admitted to an intensive care unit with some level of hypovolemic shock.
  • Early complications of pancreatitis include shock, infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, low blood calcium, high blood glucose, and dehydration.

• Physical Characteristics and Volume

  • When blood volume becomes too low, such as from an injury, dehydration, or internal bleeding, the body will enter into a state of hypovolemic shock, in which tissue perfusion decreases too much.
  • A healthy adult can lose almost 20% of blood volume (1 L) before the first symptom, restlessness, begins, and 40% of volume (2 L) before hypovolemic shock sets in.

• Typing and Cross-Matching for Transfusions

  • This can cause shock-like symptoms, such as fever, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation from immune system mediated endothelial damage.
  • If the donated blood is contaminated with bacteria, it may induce septic shock in the patient.