gluteal group

Examples of gluteal group in the following topics:

• Muscles that Cause Movement at the Hip Joint

  • The four main groups of hip muscles are gluteal, adductor, iliopsoas, and lateral rotator, defined by the type of movement they mediate.
  • Muscles in the gluteal group are superficially located and act mainly to abduct and extend the thigh at the hip.
  • Gluteus Maximus - The gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteal muscles and gives structure to the buttocks.
  • Gluteus Minimus - The gluteus minimus is the deepest and smallest of the superficial gluteal muscles and performs a similar function to the gluteus medius.
  • The iliacus and psoas major comprise the iliopsoas group.

• Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

  • The anterior trunk gives rise to numerous arteries that supply the organs of the pelvis and the gluteal and adductor muscles of the leg.
  • Key branches include the obturator artery, the inferior vesical artery in men and the equivalent vaginal artery in females, and the rectal and gluteal arteries.
  • The posterior trunk gives rise to arteries that supply the posterior pelvic wall and the gluteal region, including the iliolumbar artery that supplies the psoas major muscle, the lateral sacral arteries, and the superior gluteal artery.

• Ilium

  • The external surface is smooth and divided by three lines: the posterior, anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
  • The gluteus maximus originates from the external surface adjacent to the posterior gluteal line, the gluteus medius from adjacent to the anterior line, and the gluteus minimus from the inferior line.

• Femur (The Thigh)

  • Two key features of the shaft are the proximal gluteal tuberosity to which the gluteus maximus attaches, and the distal adductor tubercle to which the adductor magnus attaches.

• Sciatic Nerve Injury

  • Left gluteal region, showing surface markings for arteries and the sciatic nerve

• Blood Groups and Blood Types

  • Therefore, a group A individual can only receive blood from individuals of groups A or O types, and can donate blood to individuals of groups A or AB.
  • Therefore, a group B individual can only receive blood from individuals of groups B or O, and can donate blood to individuals of groups B or AB.
  • Therefore, an individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group, but can only donate blood to another group AB individual.
  • Therefore, a group O individual can only receive blood from a group O individual, but they can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood group (i.e.
  • Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cell.

• Arrangement of Fascicles

  • Skeletal muscles are grouped into fascicles, which are bunches of muscle fibers surrounded by a perimysium.
  • Key muscle groups and the associated vascular and nervous systems can also be separated from other tissue, such as in the upper arm.
  • These groupings are called fascial compartments.
  • The fascia surrounding a muscle or muscle group does not contain many blood vessels, but is rich with sensory receptors.
  • Within this is a layer termed the epimysium which splits inwards into the muscle as the perimysium dividing muscle fibers into groups termed fascicle.

• Classification of Nerves

  • Fibers of the A group have a large diameter, high conduction velocity, and are myelinated.
  • Fibers of the B group are myelinated with a small diameter and have a low conduction velocity.
  • Fibers of the C group are unmyelinated, have a small diameter, and low conduction velocity.
  • The lack of myelination in the C group is the primary cause of their slow conduction velocity.
  • C fiber axons are grouped together into what is known as Remak bundles.

• Fluids and Aging

  • It is generally accepted that the aging process falls physiologically into three groups of changes that occur with advancing age.
  • The first group encompass changes in cellular homeostatic mechanisms, for example, body temperature, blood, and extracellular fluid volumes; the second group are related to a decrease in organ mass; the third and possibly the most important group of changes, in terms of their impact, involve a decline in and loss of the functional reserve of the body's systems.
  • Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for younger adults (2.0 L/day for females and 2.5 L/day for males) as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity.

• How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

  • Muscles are arranged in groupings of agonist, antagonist, and synergists that produce and modulate movement.
  • The biceps and triceps muscle groups are an example of an agonist/antagonist pair.
  • Muscles exist in groupings that work to produce movements by muscle contraction.
  • The majority of muscles are grouped in pairs, with an antagonist to each agonist muscle.