Examples of lateral rotator group in the following topics:
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- The four main groups of hip muscles are gluteal, adductor, iliopsoas, and lateral rotator, defined by the type of movement they mediate.
- The muscles of the lateral rotator group
are deeply located and as the name suggests, act to laterally rotate the thigh
at the hip.
- All of the lateral rotator group muscles originate from the pelvis
and attach to the femur.
- Piriformis - The piriformis is the most superior of the lateral rotator group
muscles.
- It is the most inferior of the lateral rotator group
muscles, located below the gemelli and obturator internus.
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- Upper arm
muscles will be discussed in a later section since they primarily promote forearm movement.
- It retracts and rotates the scapula.
- The lateral region assists in
shoulder flexion when the shoulder is rotating, although it also assists the
transverse abduction of the shoulder.
- The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles
that pull the ball of the humerus into the shallow
socket of the scapula, adding required stability.
- Serratus
Anterior – The serratus anterior is located in the
lateral wall of the chest.
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- Posterior muscles are split into three groups depending on their
physiological location.
- Actions – The superior region supports the
arm and elevates and rotates the scapula, the intermediate region retracts the
scapula, and the inferior region rotates and depresses the scapula.
- Two muscles in the superficial
layer are responsible for rotation of the head.
- Iliocostalis – The most laterally located of the three intermediate muscles.
- Two muscles in the deep layer
are responsible for maintenance of posture and rotation of the neck.
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- Even though students perform well on tests, they have problems applying their preclinical learning in their rotations in the hospital.
- She had joined a study group with her cohort.
- By doing so, she not only earned good test grades, but also honed her ability to apply facts in the assigned tasks during her later rotation experiences.
- She assigns students to groups of five and has them discuss the appropriate medication and the appropriate doses of the suggested medications based on patients' situations.
- Through working in groups, students learn to work collaboratively with others, which simulates the out-of-school environment.
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- Omohyoid – Located laterally to the sternohyoid, the omohyoid muscle is
split in two parts attached by a tendon.
- Two muscles in the superficial
layer are responsible for rotation of the head.
- Iliocostalis – The most laterally located of the three intermediate muscles.
- It controls adduction,
abduction and rotation of the head, the intermediate region retracts the
scapula, and the inferior region rotates and depresses the scapula.
- Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups are named based on their location relative to the hyoid bone.
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- When the knee is fully extended the femur rotates slightly on the
tibia to lock the joint into place, allowing for efficient load bearing.
- The rectus femoris additionally
facilitates rotation at the hip.
- These muscles are sometimes termed the hamstring group.
- Actions: Extends and laterally
rotates at the hip, main action is flexing of the lower leg at the knee.
- Actions: Laterally rotates the femur on the
tibia “unlocking” the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
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- Examples of abduction include moving the arms or legs laterally to lift them straight out to the side.
- Rotational movement is the movement of a bone as it rotates around its longitudinal axis.
- Rotation can be toward the midline of the body, which is referred to as medial rotation, or away from the midline of the body, which is referred to as lateral rotation.
- Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction.
- Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body (medial or internal rotation) or away from the midline (lateral or external rotation).
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- Although enantiomers may be identified by their characteristic specific rotations, the assignment of a unique configuration to each has not yet been discussed.
- If the wheel is turned from group # 1 toward group # 2, which in turn moves toward group # 3, this would either negotiate a right turn (R) or a left turn (S).
- In this form the double bond assumes the priority of a 3º-alkyl group, which is greater than that of a methylene group.
- It is important to remember that there is no simple or obvious relationship between the R or S designation of a molecular configuration and the experimentally measured specific rotation of the compound it represents.
- The Fischer projection formulas, described later, are another example of displays that challenge even experienced students.
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- Simultaneously, the alkene attaches to the opposite side of the diene, forcing an alkene bond to rotate:
- Although the number of possible organic reactions is massive and ever-growing, fundamentally, they can be categorized into just five groups based on their mechanisms: addition, elimination, substitution, redox, and rearrangement.
- Each of these reaction types will be later discussed.
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- These can rotate in two ways:
- Counter-clockwise rotation - aligns the flagella into a single rotating bundle, causing the bacterium to swim in a straight line.
- The directions of rotation are given for an observer outside the cell looking down the flagella toward the cell.
- CheA in turn transfers phosphoryl groups to conserved aspartate residues in the response regulators CheB and CheY [note: CheA is a histidine kinase and it does not actively transfer the phosphoryl group.
- The response regulator CheB takes the phosphoryl group from CheA].