endoneurial fluid

Examples of endoneurial fluid in the following topics:

• Structure of a Nerve

  • Within the endoneurium, individual nerve fibers are surrounded by a liquid called the endoneurial fluid.
  • It prevents certain molecules from crossing from the blood into the endoneurial fluid.
  • In this respect, endoneurial fluid is similar to cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system.
  • During nerve irritation or injury, the amount of endoneurial fluid may increase at the site of damage.
  • This increase in fluid can be visualized using magnetic resonance neurography to diagnose nerve damage.

• Axon Bundles

  • Within the endoneurium, the individual nerve axonsare surrounded by a protein liquid called endoneurial fluid.
  • The endoneurium has properties analogous to the blood–brain barrier, in that it prevents certain molecules from crossing from the blood into the endoneurial fluid.

• Regeneration of Nerve Fibers

  • The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact, and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurial channel.
  • In the later stages of regeneration, the remaining endoneurial tube directs axon growth back to the correct targets.
  • During Wallerian degeneration, Schwann cells grow in ordered columns along the endoneurial tube.
  • This creates a band of Büngner (boB) that protects and preserves the endoneurial channel.

• Fluid Compartments

  • The major body fluid compartments include: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid (plasma, interstitial fluid, and trancellular fluid).
  • The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid (or cytoplasm) is the fluid found inside cells.
  • Extracellular fluid (ECF) or extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) usually denotes all body fluid outside of cells.
  • It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside of cells).
  • Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, and ocular fluid, joint fluid, and the pleaural cavity which contain fluid that is only found in their respective epithelium-lined spaces.

• Body Fluid Composition

  • This means that fluid composition varies between body compartments.
  • The pH of the intracellular fluid is 7.4.
  • The concentrations of the other ions in cytosol or intracellular fluid are quite different from those in extracellular fluid.
  • The extracellular fluid is mainly cations and anions.
  • Ocular fluid in the eyes contrasts cerebrospinal fluid by containing high concentrations of proteins, including antibodies.

• Capacity of Different Tissues for Repair

  • The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact,\ and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurial channel.
  • In the later stages of regeneration the remaining endoneurial tube directs axon growth back to the correct target.

• Movement of Fluid Among Compartments

  • Movement of fluid among compartments depends on several variables described by Starling's equation.
  • Extracellular fluid is separated among the various compartments of the body by membranes.
  • To prevent a build up of tissue fluid surrounding the cells in the tissue, the lymphatic system plays a part in the transport of tissue fluid.
  • If positive, fluid will tend to leave the capillary (filtration).
  • If negative, fluid will tend to enter the capillary (absorption).

• Developmental Changes in Fluids

  • The balance of body fluids that are crucial for good health begins during fetal development.
  • Hormonal, renal, and behavioral control of body fluids function to some extent in utero.
  • Since diseases, such as hypertension, can be traced to fetal origin, it is important to understand the development of fetal regulatory mechanisms for body fluid homeostasis in this early stage of life.
  • It is well established that central cholinergic mechanisms are critical in the regulation of cardiovascular responses and maintenance of body fluid homeostasis in adults.
  • Overview of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance.

• Production of Dilute and Concentrated Urine

  • The body's homeostatic control mechanisms ensure that a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss is maintained.
  • Fluid balance is the concept of human homeostasis, in that the amount of fluid lost from the body is equal to the amount of fluid taken in.
  • Euvolemia is the state of normal body fluid volume.
  • The body's homeostatic control mechanisms, which maintain a constant internal environment, ensure that a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss is maintained.
  • Describe how the concept of fluid balance, or ensuring that the fluid lost from the body is equal to the amount of fluid, is applied to urine output and concentration

• Regulation of Water Output

  • Fluid can leave the body in several ways: urination, exretion (feces), and perspiration (sweating).
  • Fluid can leave the body in several ways: urination, excretion (feces), and perspiration (sweating).
  • Some fluid is lost through perspiration (part of the body's temperature control mechanism) and as water vapor in expired air, however these fluid losses are considered to be very minor.
  • The body's homeostatic control mechanisms, which maintain a constant internal environment, ensure that a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss is maintained.
  • Conversely, if fluid levels are excessive, secretion of these hormones is suppressed, resulting in less retention of fluid by the kidneys and a subsequent increase in the volume of urine produced, due to reduced fluid retention.