hybridize

(verb)

To combine complementary subunits of multiple biological macromolecules.

Related Terms

Examples of hybridize in the following topics:

  • Two-Hybrid Analysis

    • The two-hybrid method detects the interaction of two proteins by their ability to reconstitute the activity of a split transcription factor.
    • The most widely employed tools are the yeast two-hybrid system .
    • The yeast two-hybrid screening system is an effective and quick tool for the in vivo study of protein–protein interaction both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • One limitation of classic yeast two-hybrid screens is that they are limited to soluble proteins.
    • Overview of two-hybrid assay, checking for interactions between two proteins, called here Bait and Prey.

  • The FISH Technique

    • FISH is a hybridization technology which allows the labeling of target RNAs with a fluorescent probe.
    • FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) is a cytogenetic technique developed by biomedical researchers in the early 1980s.
    • The probe must be large enough to hybridize specifically with its target but not so large as to impede the hybridization process.
    • They are anti-sense to the target mRNA or DNA of interest, thus they hybridize to targets.
    • A similar hybridization technique is called a zoo blot.

  • Whole-Genome DNA-Binding Analysis

    • Two different fluorescence labels are used to label the IP DNA, and a hybridization-control DNA, respectively.
    • Usually, total DNA before IP (input DNA) is used as hybridization control.
    • The two differentially-labeled DNAs are hybridized to the same microarray and the difference in fluorescence intensity gives a measure of the enrichment .

  • DNA Sequencing of Insertion Sites

    • These include Southern hybridization, inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (iPCR), and most recently, vectorette PCR to identify and map the genomic positions of the insertion sequences.
    • Southern hybridization is rather time-consuming and requires additional procedures for localizing ISs.
    • Also, the length of each restriction DNA fragment containing a target sequence must be determined by Southern hybridization followed by sub-genomic fractioning before intramolecular ligation and PCR amplification.
    • These difficulties render Southern hybridization and iPCR impractical as techniques for quickly surveying repetitive elements in genomes.

  • Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions

    • The most widely employed tools are the yeast two-hybrid system and affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry.
    • The yeast two-hybrid screening system is an effective and quick tool for the in vivo study of protein–protein interaction both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

  • Allergic Responses to Drugs

    • In the process of sp3 hybridization in methane, the single 2s and three 2p orbitals of carbon mix into four sp3 hybrid orbitals, which are chemically and geometrically identical.

  • Genetic Analysis

    • Microarray hybridization is another technique used to characterize the dynamic nature of gene expression within a microbial cell.
    • Summarize the techniques used to study genomes: PFGE. ordered clone approach, direct shotgun sequencing and microarray hybridization

  • DNA Analysis Using Genetic Probes and PCR

    • Hybridization of the sequence with a complementary sequence of DNA or RNA, follows cleavage of the double-stranded DNA of the microorganism in the specimen.
    • In many PCR-based typing assays, the target DNA of interest is amplified and labeled by PCR, and the labeled products are hybridized to an array of immobilized diagnostic probes.

  • Northern Blots

    • Northern blotting involves the use of electrophoresis to separate RNA samples by size and detection with a hybridization probe complementary to part of or the entire target sequence.

  • Retroviral RNA Genome

    • Reverse transcription takes place in 5'→3' direction. tRNA ("cloverleaf") hybridizes to PBS and provides -OH group for initiation of reverse transcription. 1) Complementary DNA (cDNA) is formed. 2) Template in RNA:DNA hybrid is degraded by RNase H domain of reverse transcriptase 3) DNA:tRNA is transferred to the 3'-end of the template. 4) First strand synthesis takes place. 5) The rest of viral ssRNA is degraded by RNase H, except for the PP site. 6) Synthesis of second strand of ssDNA is initiated from the 3'-end of the template. tRNA is necessary to synthesis of complementary PBS 7) tRNA is degraded 8) PBS from the second strand hybridizes with the complementary PBS on the first strand. 9) Synthesis of both strands is completed by the DNA Polmerase function of reverse transcriptase.