homologous

Examples of homologous in the following topics:

• Homologs, Orthologs, and Paralogs

  • Homology forms the basis of organization for comparative biology.
  • A homologous trait is often called a homolog (also spelled homologue).
  • In genetics, the term "homolog" is used both to refer to a homologous protein and to the gene (DNA sequence) encoding it.
  • Such sequences are similar, but not homologous.
  • Sequence regions that are homologous are also called conserved.

• Generalized Recombination and RecA

  • In homologous recombination, a type of genetic recombination, nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar molecules of DNA.
  • Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as viruses.
  • Homologous recombination is a major DNA repair process in bacteria.
  • Homologous recombination has been most studied and is best understood for Escherichia coli.
  • Double-strand DNA breaks in bacteria are repaired by the RecBCD pathway of homologous recombination .

• MreB and Determinants of Cell Morphology

  • MreB and its homologs have been shown to interact and co-localize with cytoplasmic protein( MurB-G), membrane-imbedded proteins ( MreD, MraY and RodA), as well as other molecules with large periplasmic domain in organism.

• Shared Features of Bacteria and Archaea

  • In phylogenetic trees based upon different gene/protein sequences of prokaryotic homologs, the archaeal homologs are more closely related to those of Gram-positive bacteria.

• Verrucomicrobia

  • On the single circular chromosome, 2473 predicted proteins were found, 731 of which had no detectable homologs.
  • These analyses also revealed many possible homologs with Proteobacteria.

• Vitamins and Amino Acids

  • Vitamin K2 homologs (menaquinones) are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chain.
  • Bacteria in the colon (large intestine) can produce a range of vitamin K2 forms, and can also convert K1 into K2 (MK-7 homolog).

• RNA Bacteriophages

  • Members of the Cystoviridae appear to be most closely related to the Reoviridae, but also share homology with the Totiviridae.
  • The recombinant Φ6 RdRP is highly active in vitro, possesses RNA replication and transcription activities, and is capable of using both homologous and heterologous RNA molecules as templates.

• Size Variation and ORF Contents in Genomes

  • Surprisingly, a substantial fraction of the difference in gene contents in free-living bacteria is due to the presence of ORFans, that is, open reading frames (ORFs) that have no known homologs and are consequently of no known function.
  • The high numbers of ORFans in bacterial genomes indicate that, with the exception of those species with highly reduced genomes, much of the observed diversity in gene inventories does not result from either the loss of ancestral genes or the transfer from well-characterized organisms (processes that result in a patchy distribution of orthologs but not in unique genes) or from recent duplications (which would likely yield homologs within the same or closely related genome).

• Mu: A Double-Stranded Transposable DNA Bacteriophage

  • Its transposition mechanism is somewhat similar to a homologous recombination.

• Planctomycetes

  • One such example is a gene sequence (in Gemmata obscuriglobus) that was found to have significant homology to the integrin alpha-V, a protein that is important in transmembrane signal transduction in eukaryotes.