Examples of expression vector in the following topics:
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- An expression vector is generally a plasmid that is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell.
- An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is generally a plasmid that is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell .
- The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of large amounts of stable messenger RNA, and in extension, proteins.
- Cloning vectors, which are very similar to expression vectors, involve the same process of introducing a new gene into a plasmid, but the plasmid is then added into bacteria for replication purposes.
- In general, DNA vectors that are used in many molecular-biology gene-cloning experiments need not result in the expression of a protein.
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- Vectors called expression vectors (expression constructs) express the transgene in the target cell, and they generally have a promoter sequence that drives expression of the transgene.
- The purpose of a vector is to multiply the insert, although expression vectors also drive the translation of the multiplied insert.
- However, expression vectors have a two expression patterns: constitutive (consistent expression) or inducible (expression only under certain conditions or chemicals).
- The above conditions are necessary for expression vectors in eukaryotes, not prokaryotes.
- Protein purification tags: Some expression vectors include proteins or peptide sequences that allows for easier purification of the expressed protein.
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- The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes.
- The purpose of a vector which transfers genetic information to another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell.
- Vectors called expression vectors (expression constructs) are specifically for the expression of the transgene in the target cell, and generally have a promoter sequence that drives expression of the transgene.
- Simpler vectors called transcription vectors are only capable of being transcribed but not translated: they can be replicated in a target cell but not expressed, unlike expression vectors.
- These plasmid transcription vectors characteristically lack crucial sequences that code for polyadenylation sequences and translation termination sequences in translated mRNAs, making protein expression from transcription vectors impossible.
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- A very large number of host organisms and molecular cloning vectors are in use, but the great majority of molecular cloning experiments begin with a laboratory strain of the bacterium E. coli (Escherichia coli) and a plasmid cloning vector.
- Specialized applications may call for specialized host-vector systems.
- For example, if the experimentalists wish to harvest a particular protein from the recombinant organism, then an expression vector is chosen that contains appropriate signals for transcription and translation in the desired host organism.
- Alternatively, if replication of the DNA in different species is desired (for example transfer of DNA from bacteria to plants), then a multiple host range vector (also termed shuttle vector) may be selected.
- Whatever combination of host and vector are used, the vector almost always contains four DNA segments that are critically important to its function and experimental utility--(1) an origin of DNA replication is necessary for the vector (and recombinant sequences linked to it) to replicate inside the host organism, (2) one or more unique restriction endonuclease recognition sites that serves as sites where foreign DNA may be introduced, (3) a selectable genetic marker gene that can be used to enable the survival of cells that have taken up vector sequences, and (4) an additional gene that can be used for screening which cells contain foreign DNA.
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- In the broadest sense, mammalian gene expression includes every living cell but the term is more normally used to refer to expression as a laboratory tool.
- An expression system is therefore often artificial in some manner.
- The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based.
- There are many ways to introduce foreign DNA to a cell for expression, and there are many different host cells which may be used for expression.
- With E. coli, DNA is normally introduced in a plasmid expression vector.
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- Plasmids are commonly used to multiply (make many copies of) or express particular genes.
- Plasmids used in genetic engineering are called vectors .
- In particular, the protecting genes are expressed (used to make a protein) and the expressed protein breaks down the antibiotics.
- They are capable of conjugation and result in the expression of sex pilli.
- pUC19 is one of a series of plasmid cloning vectors created by Messing and co-workers in the University of California.
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- Arthropods are capable of serving as vectors, indicating that they play a major role in disease transmission.
- Arthropods that serve as vectors include mosquitoes, fleas, sand flies, lice, ticks, and mites.
- These types of vectors are considered to be hematophagous.
- Fleas are another type of arthropod vector that transmit numerous diseases.
- The oriental rat flea is an example of an arthropod vector as it is the primary vector of plague.
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- Usually, a "lytic cycle" ensues, where the lambda DNA is replicated many times and the genes for head, tail and lysis proteins are expressed.
- Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.It also refers to the process whereby foreign DNA is introduced into another cell via a viral vector.
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- To improve the ratio of recombinant to non-recombinant organisms, the cleaved vector may be treated with an enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) that dephosphorylates the vector ends.
- Cells harboring the vector will survive when exposed to the antibiotic, while those that have failed to take up vector sequences will die.
- Modern bacterial cloning vectors (e.g. pUC19) use the blue-white screening system to distinguish colonies (clones) of transgenic cells from those that contain the parental vector.
- DNA of interest is ligated into a vector.
- The vector is then transformed into competent cell (bacteria).
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- Initial acquisition of Y. pestis by the vector occurs during feeding on an infected animal.
- While in the insect vector, proteins encoded by Hms genetic loci induce biofilm formation in the proventriculus, a valve connecting the midgut to the esophagus.
- Y. pestis expresses the yadBC gene, which is similar to adhesins in other Yersinia species, allowing for adherence and invasion of epithelial cells.
- Finally, Y. pestis expresses a plasminogen activator that is an important virulence factor for pneumonic plague, which may also degrade on blood clots in order to facilitate systematic invasion.
- Scanning electron micrograph depicting a mass of Yersinia pestis bacteria (the cause of bubonic plague) in the foregut of the flea vector.