Examples of defense in the following topics:
-
- The defenses mounted by the host may act directly on the virus or indirectly on virus replication by altering or killing the infected cell.
- Non-specific host defenses function early in an encounter with a virus to prevent or limit infection, while the specific host defenses function after infection in recovery to provide immunity for subsequent challenges.
- The host defense mechanisms involved in a particular viral infection will vary depending on the virus, dose, and portal of entry.
- These represent the first line of defense, which functions to prevent or limit infection Examples of natural barriers include but are not limited to skin, the expression of surface receptors such as CD4, complement receptors, glycophorin, intercelullar adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) , mucus, a ciliated epithelium, low pH, and humoral and cellular components.
-
- In autoimmune heart diseases, the body's immune defense system mistakes its own cardiac antigens as foreign, and attacks them.
- Autoimmune heart diseases result when the body's own immune defense system mistakes cardiac antigens as foreign, and attacks them, leading to inflammation of the heart as a whole, or in parts.
-
- Infectious diseases result from the interplay between the pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect.
- Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens.
- An opportunistic disease requires impairment of host defenses, which may occur as a result of several factors such as genetic defects, exposure to antimicrobial drugs or immunosuppressive chemicals, exposure to ionizing radiation, or as a result of an infectious disease with immunosuppressive activity.
-
- The host has a variety of defenses that it uses to prevent infection.
- One of the first lines of defense is mucus, which has a range of normal microbiota that compete with and may even attack invading bacteria and virae.
- The body does not easily become a host to infection; it has a line up of defenses to try to protect you from harm.
-
- The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens.
- It is now understood that the complement is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges.
- The functions of the complement system, oposonization, lysis, and generation of the inflammatory response through soluble mediators, are paradigmatic and represent a well-characterized component of an innate host defense.
- It has become increasingly understood that complement functions in host defense extend beyond innate immune responses.
-
- A first line of defense against pathogenic insult is called the innate immune system, which is followed by acquired immune responses associated with the activation of T and B cells aimed against specific antigens.
- In contrast to the clonal, acquired adaptive immunity, endogenous peptide antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides provide a fast and energy-effective mechanism as front-line defense.
-
- People in hospitals are usually already in a 'poor state of health', impairing their defense against bacteria.
- Invasive devices, for instance intubation tubes, catheters, surgical drains, and tracheostomy tubes all bypass the body's natural lines of defense against pathogens and provide an easy route for infection .
-
- Phagocytosis is a front-line defense against pathogen attack requiring the concerted action of macrophages.
-
- Through specific and non-specific defense mechanisms, the body's immune system is able to react to microbial pathogens and protect against disease.
- The first line of defense against infection is intact skin, mucosal membrane surfaces, and secretions that prevent pathogens from penetrating into the body.
-
- Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses.