Wilson-Gorman Act of 1894

Examples of Wilson-Gorman Act of 1894 in the following topics:

• Tariff Reform

  • In 1908 Republicans promised to lower unpopular tariffs on U.S. imports, but the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act further divided Republicans.
  • For instance, the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 did lower overall rates, but contained so many concessions to protectionism that Cleveland refused to sign it.
  • Although the Payne-Aldrich Act did very little to the current status of tariffs, it angered many Democrats, Progressives, and progressive Republicans because it did not solve the tariff issue.
  • Taft's public support of the bill, instead of preserving party unity, further split the Republicans.
  • Roosevelt in particular criticized Taft over the Payne-Aldrich Act, and led a faction of progressive Republicans away from Taft's conservative Republicans .

• The Tariff

  • The United States Revenue Act of 1913 (also known as the Tariff Act, Underwood Tariff or Underwood-Simmons Act) re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment.
  • In April 1913, President Wilson summoned a special joint session of Congress in order to confront the perennial tariff question.
  • Wilson spoke only briefly, but made it clear that, in order to avoid repeating the embarrassment of the thwarted reform of 1894, tariff reform was essential.
  • Contemporaries considered the Revenue Act a political triumph for Wilson.
  • The most recent effort to tax incomes (Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894) had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court because the tax on dividends, interest, and rents was not a direct tax apportioned by population.

• Wilsonian Progressivism

  • Having taken office one month after ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment, Wilson called a special session of Congress, whose work culminated in the Revenue Act of 1913, reintroducing an income tax and lowering tariffs.
  • Wilson's tariff reform was largely achieved through the passage of the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.
  • Wilson spoke only briefly, but made it clear that, in order to avoid repeating the embarrassment of the thwarted reform of 1894, tariff reform was essential.
  • Contemporaries considered the Revenue Act a political triumph for Wilson.
  • The most recent effort to tax incomes (Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894) had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court because the tax on dividends, interest, and rents was not a direct tax apportioned by population.

• The Tariff and the Politics of Protection

  • The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890.
  • McKinley, the act's framer and defender, was then assassinated.
  • What would become the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act was introduced by West Virginian Representative William L.
  • Wilson in December 1893.
  • Cleveland faced opposition from key Democrats led by Arthur Pue Gorman of Maryland, who insisted on more protection for their states' industries than the Wilson bill allowed.

• Federal Income Tax Rates

  • In order to help pay for the American Civil War, the federal government imposed its first personal income tax on August 5, 1861 as part of the Revenue Act of 1861.
  • In 1894, Democrats in Congress passed the Wilson-Gorman tariff, which imposed the first peacetime income tax.
  • The purpose of Wilson-Gorman tariff was to make up for revenue that would be lost by other tariff reductions.
  • Advance payments of tax are required in the form of withholding tax or estimated tax payments.
  • A companion Medicare Tax of 1.45% of wages is imposed on employers and employees, with no limitation.

• The Scurrilous Campaign

  • The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890.
  • McKinley, the act's framer and defender, was then assassinated.
  • What would become the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act was introduced by West Virginian Representative William L.
  • Wilson in December 1893.
  • Cleveland faced opposition from key Democrats led by Arthur Pue Gorman of Maryland, who insisted on more protection for their states' industries than the Wilson bill allowed.

• The Muckrakers

  • Upton Sinclair published The Jungle in 1906, which revealed conditions in the meat packing industry in the United States and was a major factor in the establishment of the Pure Food and Drug Act.
  • Cook, the muckrakers' journalism resulted in litigation or legislation that had a lasting impact, such as the end of Standard Oil's monopoly over the oil industry, the establishment of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, the creation of the first child labor laws in the United States around 1916.
  • The results showed in the great wave of progressivism and reform cresting in the remarkable spate of legislation that marked the first administration of Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1917.
  • Illustration of Theodore Roosevelt and Jacob Riis walking the beat in NYC in 1894 when Roosevelt was New York City Police Commissioner, 1901
  • Riis walks the beat in New York City behind his friend and fellow reformer, NYC Police Commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt (1894 - Illustration from Riis's autobiography)