Tariff of Abominations

Examples of Tariff of Abominations in the following topics:

• Nullification

  • The Tariff of 1828 highlighted economic conflicts of interest between the Northern and Southern states that eventually led to the Nullification Crisis of 1832.
  • The controversial and highly protective Tariff of 1828 (known to its detractors as the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the previous presidency of John Quincy Adams.
  • The South and parts of New England opposed the tariff and expected that the election of Andrew Jackson as president would result in the tariff being significantly reduced.
  • As such, the tariff was labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum economy in the South.
  • This compromise tariff received the support of most Northerners and half of the Southerners in Congress.

• Protective Tariffs

  • The Tariff Act of 1789 provided the first national source of revenue for the United States.
  • The culmination came with the Tariff of 1828, ridiculed by free traders as the "Tariff of Abominations," with import custom duties averaging more than 25 percent.
  • Calhoun strongly opposed the tariff and urged nullification of the tariff within South Carolina.
  • On July 14, 1832, President Andrew Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832, which made some reductions in tariff rates.
  • Discuss the history of tariffs from their inception in 1789 until the Nullification Crisis of 1832

• Planter Power

  • The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
  • It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.
  • The Tariff marked the high point of US tariffs.
  • The 1828 tariff was part of a series of tariffs that began after the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars, when the blockade of Europe led British manufacturers to offer goods in America at low prices that American manufacturers often could not match.
  • Representatives in the New England states to vote for the tariff increase (House Vote on Tariff of 1828).

• Manufacturing and Trade

  • The Tariff of 1828,enacted by President John Quincy Adams ,was a protective tariff designed to help industries in northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced, imported goods by putting a tax on these goods.
  • It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors, because of the effects it had on the antebellum southern economy.
  • This ordinance declared by the power of the state that the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina.
  • Soon, a naval flotilla was sent to Charleston harbor, and the threat of landing ground troops was used to compel the collection of tariffs.
  • The Tariff of 1828 was enacted by President John Quincy Adams.

• The Adams Presidency

  • John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, was the son of former President John Adams.
  • He favored a high tariff, which made imports more expensive and thus encouraged the construction of U.S. factories.
  • This system consisted of a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building, as well as the charter of a national bank to encourage productive enterprise and to form a national currency.
  • One of the issues that divided the administration was protective tariffs, of which Henry Clay was a leading advocate.
  • By signing into law the Tariff of 1828 (labeled by critics as the "Tariff of Abominations" and quite unpopular in parts of the South), he further antagonized the Jacksonians.

• The Jackson Presidency

  • The Whigs were the inheritors of Jeffersonian democracy in terms of promoting schools and colleges.
  • Another notable crisis during Jackson's period in office was the Nullification Crisis, or Secession Crisis, of 1828–1832, which merged issues of sectional strife with disagreements over tariffs.
  • Critics alleged that high tariffs (such as the "Tariff of Abominations") on imports of common manufactured goods produced in Europe made those goods more expensive than ones from the northern United States, raising the prices paid by planters in the South.
  • In 1828, South Carolina nullified, or declared void, the tariff legislation of 1828, and set in motion the right of a state to nullify any federal laws that went against its interests.
  • Although Jackson sympathized with the South in the tariff debate, he believed it was important to maintain a strong union with effective powers for the central government, and the issue led to a bitter rivalry between Jackson and Vice President John C.

• Tariffs

  • Ad valorem tariffs: Tariffs based on a percentage of the value of each item.
  • Compound tariffs: Tariffs that are a combination of specific tariffs and ad valorem tariffs.
  • For example, a compound tariff might consist of a fixed $100 duty plus 10% of the value of every imported car.
  • When the tariff is imposed, the domestic price of the good rises to Pt.
  • The amount of revenue is equal to the tariff amount times the number of imported goods, or (Pt-Pw)(D*-S*).

• The Tariff and the Politics of Protection

  • The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890.
  • The tariff was not well received by Americans, who suffered a steep increase in the cost of products.
  • Cleveland's opinion on the tariff was that of most Democrats: the tariff ought to be reduced.
  • After reversing the Harrison administration's silver policy, Cleveland sought next to reverse the effects of the McKinley tariff.
  • Cleveland was outraged with the final bill, and denounced it as a disgraceful product of the control of the Senate by trusts and business interests.

• Tariff Reform

  • Democrats campaigned energetically against tarrifs, especially the high McKinley tariff of 1890.
  • In 1892, Democrat Grover Cleveland was elected to the presidency, and much of his campaign platform focused on lowering the tariff.
  • Once elected, Taft called a special session of Congress in 1909 to discuss lowering the tariff.
  • Although the Payne-Aldrich Act did very little to the current status of tariffs, it angered many Democrats, Progressives, and progressive Republicans because it did not solve the tariff issue.
  • Describe the role of tariffs in mid- and late-19th century politics

• The Tariff

  • The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposed the federal income tax, and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
  • The United States Revenue Act of 1913 (also known as the Tariff Act, Underwood Tariff or Underwood-Simmons Act) re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment.
  • Additionally, it lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%, well below the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909.
  • The 1913 Act established the lowest rates since the Walker Tariff of 1857.
  • The Act also provided for the re-institution of a federal income tax as a means of compensating for anticipated lost revenue due to the reduction of tariff duties.