Tariff of 1828

(noun)

The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.

Related Terms

Examples of Tariff of 1828 in the following topics:

  • Nullification

    • The Tariff of 1828 highlighted economic conflicts of interest between the Northern and Southern states that eventually led to the Nullification Crisis of 1832.
    • This ordinance declared, by the power of the state, that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina.
    • The controversial and highly protective Tariff of 1828 (known to its detractors as the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the previous presidency of John Quincy Adams.
    • The major goal of the Tariff of 1828 was to protect industries in the northern United States, which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods, by putting a tax on such imports.
    • By 1828, South Carolina state politics increasingly organized around the tariff issue.

  • Planter Power

    • The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
    • The Tariff marked the high point of US tariffs.
    • The 1828 tariff was part of a series of tariffs that began after the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars, when the blockade of Europe led British manufacturers to offer goods in America at low prices that American manufacturers often could not match.
    • Representatives in the New England states to vote for the tariff increase (House Vote on Tariff of 1828).
    • The 1828 tariff was signed by President Adams, although he realized it could weaken him politically.

  • Protective Tariffs

    • The Tariff Act of 1789 provided the first national source of revenue for the United States.
    • The culmination came with the Tariff of 1828, ridiculed by free traders as the "Tariff of Abominations," with import custom duties averaging more than 25 percent.
    • Calhoun strongly opposed the tariff and urged nullification of the tariff within South Carolina.
    • However, the reductions were too little for South Carolina, and in November of 1832, the state adopted an ordinance of nullification and declared that the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable in South Carolina.
    • Discuss the history of tariffs from their inception in 1789 until the Nullification Crisis of 1832

  • Manufacturing and Trade

    • The Tariff of 1828,enacted by President John Quincy Adams ,was a protective tariff designed to help industries in northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced, imported goods by putting a tax on these goods.
    • It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors, because of the effects it had on the antebellum southern economy.
    • This ordinance declared by the power of the state that the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina.
    • Soon, a naval flotilla was sent to Charleston harbor, and the threat of landing ground troops was used to compel the collection of tariffs.
    • The Tariff of 1828 was enacted by President John Quincy Adams.

  • The Adams Presidency

    • John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, was the son of former President John Adams.
    • He favored a high tariff, which made imports more expensive and thus encouraged the construction of U.S. factories.
    • This system consisted of a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building, as well as the charter of a national bank to encourage productive enterprise and to form a national currency.
    • One of the issues that divided the administration was protective tariffs, of which Henry Clay was a leading advocate.
    • By signing into law the Tariff of 1828 (labeled by critics as the "Tariff of Abominations" and quite unpopular in parts of the South), he further antagonized the Jacksonians.

  • Economic Nationalism

    • Other programs included the assignment of army engineer officers to assist or direct the surveying and construction of early railroads and canals; the establishment of the First and Second Banks of the United States; and various protectionist measures such as the Tariff of 1828.
    • The name "American System" was coined by Henry Clay of the Whig Party to distinguish the school of thought from the competing theory of economics at the time, the British System, represented by Adam Smith in his work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
    • Support industry: Advocated for protectionism and opposition to free trade, particularly for the protection of "infant industries" and those facing import competition from abroad; policy examples include the Tariff of 1816 and the Morrill Tariff.
    • After 1828, the United States kept tariffs low until the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1861.
    • Henry Clay is considered the Father of the American System of economics.

  • The Jackson Presidency

    • "Jacksonian democracy" refers to the period of time (roughly 1828–1840) dominated by the controversial presidency of Andrew Jackson (1829–1837).
    • He ran again in 1828 and won in a landslide.
    • Another notable crisis during Jackson's period in office was the Nullification Crisis, or Secession Crisis, of 1828–1832, which merged issues of sectional strife with disagreements over tariffs.
    • Critics alleged that high tariffs (such as the "Tariff of Abominations") on imports of common manufactured goods produced in Europe made those goods more expensive than ones from the northern United States, raising the prices paid by planters in the South.
    • In 1828, South Carolina nullified, or declared void, the tariff legislation of 1828, and set in motion the right of a state to nullify any federal laws that went against its interests.

  • Jackson and the Democratic Party

    • After the disappearance of the Federalists after 1815 and the subsequent "Era of Good Feelings" (1816–1824), a group of weakly organized political factions dominated the American political landscape until about 1828–1832, when the modern Democratic Party emerged along with its rival, the Whigs.
    • From 1828 to 1848, banking and tariffs were the central domestic policy issues.
    • During his presidency, Polk lowered tariffs, set up a subtreasury system, and began and directed the Mexican-American War, in which the United States acquired much of the modern-day American Southwest.
    • The 1840s and 1850s were the heyday of a new faction of young Democrats called "Young America."
    • They tied internal improvements to free trade while accepting moderate tariffs as a necessary source of government revenue.

  • Tariffs

    • Ad valorem tariffs: Tariffs based on a percentage of the value of each item.
    • Compound tariffs: Tariffs that are a combination of specific tariffs and ad valorem tariffs.
    • For example, a compound tariff might consist of a fixed $100 duty plus 10% of the value of every imported car.
    • When the tariff is imposed, the domestic price of the good rises to Pt.
    • The amount of revenue is equal to the tariff amount times the number of imported goods, or (Pt-Pw)(D*-S*).

  • Tariff Reform

    • Democrats campaigned energetically against tariffs, especially the high McKinley Tariff of 1890.
    • In 1892, Democrat Grover Cleveland was elected to the presidency, and much of his campaign platform focused on lowering the tariff.
    • Once elected, Taft called a special session of Congress in 1909 to discuss lowering the tariff.
    • Although the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act did very little to affect the current status of tariffs, it angered many Democrats, Progressives, and Progressive Republicans because it did not solve the tariff issue.
    • Taft's public support of the bill, instead of preserving party unity, further split the Republicans.