reversible

Examples of reversible in the following topics:

• Reversing Entries

  • Reversing entries are journal entries made at the beginning of each accounting period.
  • Most often, the entries reverse accrued revenues or expenses for the previous period.
  • Some examples of reversing entries are salary or wages payable and interest payable.
  • Reversing entries are most often used with accrual-type adjusting entries.
  • At the beginning of the month B that expense is reversed via a reversing entry.

• The Reverse TCA Cycle

  • The reverse TCA cycle utilizes carbon dioxide and water to form carbon compounds.
  • However, there are numerous organisms that undergo reverse TCA or reverse Krebs cycles.
  • The following is a brief overview of the reverse TCA cycle.
  • ATP citrate lyase is one of the key enzymes that function in reverse TCA.
  • An example of a microorganism that utilizes reverse TCA includes Thermoproteus.

• Nucleotide and Nonnucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

  • Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that has the ability to transcribe single-stranded DNA from a single-stranded RNA chain.
  • This is the reverse of the usual flow of information when RNA is synthesized from DNA.
  • Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to convert their genetic material (RNA) into DNA are called retroviruses.
  • Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors bind to a different site, not the active one, of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
  • Non-nucleotide inhibitors are non-competitive inhibitorsof reverse transcriptase.

• Changes in the Entropy of Surroundings

  • A change is said to occur reversibly when it can be carried out in a series of infinitesimal steps.
  • The reversible expansion of a gas can be achieved by reducing the external pressure in a series of infinitesimal steps; reversing any step will restore the system and its surroundings to their previous state.
  • Similarly, heat can be transferred reversibly between two bodies by changing the temperature difference between them in infinitesimal steps, each of which can be undone by reversing the temperature difference.
  • Another example of an irreversible change is the conversion of mechanical work into frictional heat; there is no way, by reversing the motion of a weight along a surface, that the heat released due to friction can be restored to the system.

• Reverse Splits

  • Reverse splits are when a company reduces the number of shares outstanding by offering a number of new shares for each old one.
  • That is the premise behind a reverse stock split.
  • In a reverse stock split (also called a stock merge), the company issues a smaller number of new shares.
  • For these reasons, a reverse stock split is often an indication that a company is in financial trouble.
  • A reverse stock split may be used to reduce the number of shareholders.

• Retroviral RNA Genome

  • The retroviral genome contains the elements needed for reverse transcription and all other activities of a retrovirus.
  • PPT (or PP), polypurine tract is the primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis during reverse transcription.
  • Pol proteins, such as the reverse transcriptase (RT), are responsible for synthesis of viral DNA and integration into host DNA after infection.
  • Reverse transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of host cell.
  • In this process, viral ssRNA is transcribed by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) into double stranded DNA.

• A Physical Aside: Einstein coefficients

  • Because quantum mechanics for the most part is time reversible, the cross-section for the forward and reverse reactions are related.

• Changes in Volume and Pressure

  • The effects of changes in volume and pressure on a reversible reaction in chemical equilibrium can be predicted by Le Chatelier's Principle.
  • Le Chatelier's Principle can be used to predict the response of a reversible chemical reaction to a change in the system.
  • One result that can be predicted using this principle is that reactions that result in an increased number of moles of gas will be pushed in the reverse direction under increased pressure.
  • If the number of moles of gas produced is equal for the forward and reverse reactions, then a change in pressure or volume will have no effect on the equilibrium state of the reaction.

• Equilibrium

  • Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the forward reaction rate and the reverse reaction rate are equal.
  • In theory, all chemical reactions are in fact double reactions: for every forward reaction, there is a subsequent reverse reaction.
  • However, we will now consider forward/reverse reaction pairs that exist in chemical equilibrium with one another.
  • This lesson introduces equilibrium as a condition where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
  • Recall the relationship between the forward and reverse reaction rates when a reaction is at equilibrium

• Carnot Cycles

  • The Carnot cycle is the most efficient cyclical process possible and uses only reversible processes through its cycle.
  • What is crucial to the Carnot cycle is that only reversible processes are used.
  • Obviously, then, reversible processes are superior.
  • Recall that both isothermal and adiabatic processes are, in principle, reversible .
  • PV diagram for a Carnot cycle, employing only reversible isothermal and adiabatic processes.