Reformation

Examples of Reformation in the following topics:

• Efforts at Financial Reform

• Alexander I's Domestic Reforms

• Deng Xiaoping and the Economic Reform

• Civil Service Reform

  • The Stalwarts, a faction of the Republican Party in the late 19th century, opposed civil service reform and favored machine politics.
  • Civil Service Reform in the U.S. was a major national issue in the late 1800's and a major state issue in the early 1900's.
  • Foremost among his enemies was New York Senator Roscoe Conkling, who fought Hayes's reform efforts at every turn.
  • To show his commitment to reform, Hayes appointed one of the best-known advocates of reform, Carl Schurz, to be Secretary of the Interior and asked Schurz and William M.
  • For the remainder of his term, Hayes pressed Congress to enact permanent reform legislation, even using his last annual message to Congress on December 6, 1880 to appeal for reform.

• Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism

  • Political corruption was a central issue, which reformers hoped to solve through civil service reforms at the national, state and local level, replacing political hacks with professional technocrats.
  • Illinois modernized its bureaucracy in 1917 under Frank Lowden, but Chicago held out against civil service reform until the 1970s.
  • Furthermore, racism often pervaded most progressive reform efforts, as evidenced by the suffrage movement.
  • At the local, municipal, and state level, various Progressive reformers advocated for disparate goals that ranged as wide as prison reform, education, government reorganization, urban improvement, prohibition, female suffrage, birth control, improved working conditions, labor reform, and child labor reform.
  • Although significant advancements were made in social justice and reform on a case by case basis, there was little local effort to coordinate reformers on a wide platform of issues.

• Wilsonian Progressivism

  • During his first term as President, Wilson focused on three types of reform: Tariff Reform, Banking Reform, and Business Reform.
  • During his first term as President, Wilson focused on three types of reform: tariff reform, business reform, and banking reform.
  • Wilson's tariff reform was largely achieved through the passage of the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.
  • Wilson spoke only briefly, but made it clear that, in order to avoid repeating the embarrassment of the thwarted reform of 1894, tariff reform was essential.
  • Wilson's banking reform was most notably accomplished by the 1913 creation of the Federal Reserve System.

• Immigration Reform

  • In the political sense, immigration reform may include promoted, expanded or open immigration.
  • Senate passed the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006.
  • In 2009, immigration reform became a hot topic as the Obama administration signaled interest in beginning a discussion on comprehensive immigration reform.
  • The proposed comprehensive immigration reform plan had as its goal bipartisan support.
  • Summarize recent legislative trends in immigration reform on the state and national level

• Educational Reform in the U.S.

  • In fact, educational reform has been closely tied to efforts to promote democracy.
  • Over the years, education reform has focused on different goals.
  • In the 1980s, the momentum of education reform moved from the left to the right.
  • In general, OBE reforms attempt to increase accountability in education.
  • A central issue for educational reform advocates today is school choice.

• Bureaucratic Reform

  • Bureaucratic reform in the U.S. was a major issue in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
  • The five important civil service reforms were the two Tenure of Office Acts of 1820 and 1867, the Pendleton Act of 1883, the Hatch Acts (1939 and 1940), and the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978.
  • The Civil Service Reform Act (the Pendleton Act) is an 1883 federal law that established the United States Civil Service Commission.
  • One result of this reform was more expertise and less politics among members of the civil service.
  • Describe the key moments in the history of bureaucratic reform, including the Tenure of Office Acts, the Pendleton Act, the Hatch Acts, and the Civil Service Reform Acts.

• Impact of the Protestant Reformation

  • The Reformation was a religious movement in the 16th century that resulted in the theological divide between Roman Catholics and Protestants.
  • The Protestant Reformation also capitalized on the popularity of printmaking in northern Europe.
  • During the early Reformation, some artists made paintings for churches that depicted the leaders of the Reformation in ways very similar to Catholic saints.
  • The Protestant Reformation induced a wave of iconoclasm, or the destruction of religious imagery, among the more radical evangelists.
  • Describe the Protestant Reformation and its effects on Western European art of the 16th century