method of loci

Examples of method of loci in the following topics:

• Strategies for Improving Memory Quality and Duration

  • Rote memorization (the simple repetition of the stimuli over and over again without any real cues or understanding) is one of the least effective but most widely used methods of memorization.
  • This technique is known as the method of loci (or locus).
  • And so on for the rest of the presidents...
  • One example of this approach is pill boxes that are labeled with a day of the week on each compartment.
  • It is commonly accepted that one of the functions of sleep and dreams is to process and optimize memory storage.

• Make Messages Easy to Remember

  • Visual and Spatial orientation (Method of Loci) - This is one of the oldest memory aids presented in classical rhetoric.
  • You have a scheme of value for one cent up to one dollar.
  • It then becomes easier to count and remember how many of each you have.
  • You might describe an image of something that is extremely beautiful or ugly in the minds of your audience.
  • Like electronic memory sticks, human beings employ storage methods to permanently record thoughts and memories.

• Levels of Processing

  • Structural processing examines the structure of a word—for example, the font of the typed word or the letters within in it.
  • It is how we assess the appearance of the words to make sense of them and provide some type of simple meaning.
  • We compare the sound of the word to other words we have heard in order to retain some level of meaning in our memory.
  • One example of taking advantage of deeper semantic processing to improve retention is using the method of loci.
  • And so on for the rest of the presidents...

• Passage 1.1

  • Prīmum ad Thraciam, tum ad Cretam navigat, sed in locīs omnibus periculum invenitur, et Aeneas deōs rogat cur locī non tutī populō suō sint. 
  • Enim locī crebrī periculīs sunt.
  • The title of this painting translates to "Overlooking the burning Troy."
  • The death of Priam at the hands of Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles.

• Gene Families

  • A gene family is a set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene, that generally have similar biochemical functions .
  • The 10 genes are in two clusters on different chromosomes, called the α-globin and β-globin loci.
  • Knowing the sequence of the protein encoded by a gene can allow researchers to apply methods that find similarities among protein sequences that provide more information than similarities or differences among DNA sequences.
  • These methods often rely upon predictions based upon the DNA sequence.
  • The expansion or contraction of gene families along a specific lineage can be due to chance or can be the result of natural selection.

• Graft Rejection and Tissue Typing

  • Different types of transplanted tissues tend to favor different balances of rejection mechanisms.
  • Inhaled cyclosporine is being investigated as a method of delaying or preventing chronic rejection of lung transplants.
  • Another technique, known as a micro-cytotoxicity assay, utilizes serum with known anti-HLA antibodies that recognize particular HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR) in order to match genetically similar individuals in hopes of performing a tissue transplantation.
  • This allows identification of cell's MHC indirectly based on the specificity of the known antibodies in the serum.
  • Describe the role of tissue typing and graft rejection in transplantation

• Pathogenicity Islands

  • Pathogenenicity islands are discrete genetic loci that encode factors which make a microbe more virulent.
  • They are incorporated in the genome of pathogenic organisms, but are usually absent from those nonpathogenic organisms of the same or closely related species.
  • One species of bacteria may have more than one PAI (i.e.
  • The GC-content of pathogenicity islands often differs from that of the rest of the genome, potentially aiding in their detection within a given DNA sequence.
  • PAIs are flanked by direct repeats; the sequence of bases at two ends of the inserted sequence is the same.

• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

  • The unique signature characteristic of SIDS is its log-normal age distribution that spares infants shortly after birth — the time of maximal risk for almost all other causes of non-trauma infant death.
  • Although many researchers have found autosomal and mitochondrial genetic risk factors for SIDS, they cannot explain the male excess because such gene loci have the same frequencies for males and females.
  • In the event of SIDS, the infant is typically found dead after having been put to bed and exhibits no signs of having suffered.
  • SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion.
  • It should only be applied to an infant whose death is sudden and unexpected, and which remains unexplained after the performance of an adequate postmortem investigation, including: an autopsy, investigation of the death scene and circumstances of the death and exploration of the medical history of the infant and family.

• Antibodies: Classes and Affinity Maturation

  • Although a single individual contains a wide arsenal of antibodies, the number of genes available to make these proteins is limited by the size of the human genome.
  • The region (locus) of a chromosome that encodes an antibody is large and contains several distinct genes for each antibody domain— in humans the locus containing heavy chain genes (IGH) is found on chromosome 14, and the loci containing lambda and kappa light chain genes (IGL and IGK) are found on chromosomes 22 and 2.
  • Combining these genes with an assortment of genes for other antibody domains generates a large cavalry of antibodies (i.e., a high degree of variability).
  • The different classes of antibody (and thus effector functions) are defined by the constant (C) regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain.
  • The DNA strand is broken by the activity of a series of enzymes at two selected S-regions.

• Plague

  • All three forms are widely believed to have been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including the Plague of Justinian in 542, and the Black Death that accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353.
  • Symptoms include a lack of energy, fever, headache and chills, and swelling of lymph nodes resulting in buboes, the classic sign of bubonic plague.
  • While in the insect vector, proteins encoded by Hms genetic loci induce biofilm formation in the proventriculus, a valve connecting the midgut to the esophagus.
  • Transmission of Y. pestis occurs during the futile attempts of the flea to feed.
  • Scanning electron micrograph depicting a mass of Yersinia pestis bacteria (the cause of bubonic plague) in the foregut of the flea vector.