insertion

Examples of insertion in the following topics:

• DNA Sequencing of Insertion Sites

  • An insertion site is the position at which a transposable genetic element is integrated.
  • An insertion sequence (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element.
  • The coding region in an insertion sequence is usually flanked by inverted repeats.
  • A particular insertion sequence may be named according to the form ISn, where n is a number (e.g.
  • A complex transposon does not rely on flanking insertion sequences for resolvase.

• Vectors for Genomic Cloning and Sequencing

  • The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence that serves as the "backbone" of the vector.
  • The purpose of a vector which transfers genetic information to another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell.
  • Transcription vectors are used to amplify their insert.
  • Plasmid vectors minimalistically consist of an origin of replication that allows for semi-independent replication of the plasmid in the host and also the transgene insert.
  • Modern plasmids generally have many more features, notably including a "multiple cloning site" which includes nucleotide overhangs for insertion of an insert, and multiple restriction enzyme consensus sites to either side of the insert.

• Plasmids as Cloning Vectors

  • Plasmids can be used as cloning vectors, allowing the insertion of exogenous DNA into a bacterial target.
  • Modern plasmids generally have many more features, notably a "multiple cloning site"—with nucleotide overhangs for insertion of an insert—and multiple restriction enzyme consensus sites on either side of the insert.
  • The purpose of a vector is to multiply the insert, although expression vectors also drive the translation of the multiplied insert.
  • Expression vectors require translation of the vector's insert, thus requiring more components than simpler transcription-only vectors.
  • Modern vectors may encompass additional features besides the transgene insert and a backbone:

• Cancer Viruses

  • Unlike the integration seen in prophages, this is a permanent insertion; the genetic material is never removed.
  • The insertion mechanism can differ depending on whether the nucleic acid in the virus is DNA or RNA.
  • In DNA viruses, the genetic material can be directly inserted into the host's DNA.
  • RNA viruses must first transcribe RNA to DNA and then insert the genetic material into the host cell's DNA.

• Tattoos

  • A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.
  • A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.
  • A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.

• Pathogenicity Islands

  • Pathogenicity islands are discrete genetic units flanked by direct repeats, insertion sequences or tRNA genes, which act as sites for recombination into the DNA.
  • PAIs are flanked by direct repeats; the sequence of bases at two ends of the inserted sequence is the same.
  • They carry functional genes, such as integrases, transposases, or part of insertion sequences, to enable insertion into host DNA.

• Pathogenicity Islands and Virulence Factors

  • Pathogenicity islands are discrete genetic units flanked by direct repeats, insertion sequences or tRNA genes, which act as sites for recombination into the DNA.
  • PAIs are flanked by direct repeats; the sequence of bases at two ends of the inserted sequence are the same.
  • They carry functional genes such as integrases, transposases, or part of insertion sequences, to enable insertion into host DNA.

• Barrier Methods

  • The cap is inserted prior to sexual intercourse and is often used in combination with a spermicide.
  • The rim of a diaphragm is squeezed into an oval or arc shape for insertion.
  • A water-based lubricant (usually spermicide) may be applied to the rim of the diaphragm to aid insertion.
  • One teaspoon (5mL) of spermicide may be placed in the dome of the diaphragm before insertion, or with an applicator after insertion.
  • The diaphragm must be removed for cleaning at least once every 24 hours and can be re-inserted immediately.

• Lever Systems

  • Arrangement of muscles allows them to move relative to one another, while the insertion joint acts as the pivot point for a lever system.
  • The attachment at the immovable end is referred to as the origin and at the moveable end, the insertion.
  • Upon contraction, the insertion is pulled towards the origin.
  • Muscles can have multiple origins and insertions which modulate the type of movement they produce.
  • The force is applied at its point of insertion on the ulna in the forearm, the elbow is the pivot, and the load is the humerus in the upper arm.

• Spermicides

  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.