IL-10

(noun)

Also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), an anti-inflammatory cytokine.

Related Terms

Examples of IL-10 in the following topics:

  • Types of Cytokines Participating in Immune Response

    • Some of the more important ones include inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-4, and IL-6, the potent anti-inflammatory IL-10, and other interleukins involved with T and B cell signaling following antigen presentation.

  • Inflammation

    • Other inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1, increase the expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells.
    • When acute inflammation ends (typically by release of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 or an end to the release of inflammatory mediators) resolution will occur if the problem is alleviated.

  • Cytokines and Chemokines

    • Classic protein hormones circulate in nanomolar (10-9) concentrations that usually vary by less than one order of magnitude.
    • In contrast, some cytokines (such as IL-6) circulate in picomolar (10-12) concentrations that can increase up to 1,000-fold during trauma or infection.
    • Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially endo/epithelial cells and resident macrophages (many near the interface with the external environment), are potent producers of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.
    • Proteins are classified as chemokines according to shared structural characteristics, such as small size (they are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in size), and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape.

  • Solutions to Exercises in Chapter 3

    • • 30th %ile (between the 6th and 7th values) = ( 56 + 59 )/2 = 57.5
    • • 80th %ile (between the 16th and 17th values) = ( 84 + 84.5 )/ 2 = 84.25
    • 30% of the data falls below the 30th %ile, and 20% falls above the 80th %ile.
    • INTERPRETATION: 90% of the crash tested cars had damage repair costs of $1700 or less; only 10% had damage repair costs of $1700 or more.
    • For drums, the cost of the drum set is 1.0 standard deviations BELOW the mean.

  • Development of the Immune System

    • Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage.
    • Depending on the sex either testosterone or 17-β-oestradiol, act on male and female bodies accordingly, start acting at ages of 12 and 10 years.

  • Natural Killer Cells

    • Cytokines involved in NK activation include IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-2, and CCL5.

  • Measures of the Location of the Data

    • The first quartile, Q1 is the same as the 25th percentile (25th %ile) and the third quartile, Q3 , is the same as the 75th percentile (75th %ile).
    • It means that 90% of test scores are the same or less than your score and 10% of the test scores are the same or greater than your test score.
    • The 28th %ile is between the last 6 and the first 7.
    • The 28th %ile is 6.5.
    • The median or 50th %ile is between the 25th (7) and 26th (7) values.

  • Bibliography

    • Chicago, IL, College of the University of Chicago.
    • Glencoe, IL, Free Press.
    • Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press.
    • Glencoe, IL, Free Press.
    • Chicago, IL, University of Chicago, MESA Publication.

  • Trade and Currency under the Yuan

    • The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu.
    • The Il-khanate government issued paper money in 1294, but public distrust of the exotic new currency doomed the experiment.
    • Rashid-al-Din's view was not shared by other chroniclers in the Middle East, who were critical of the experiment's disruptive impact on the Il-khanate.

  • Cytokine Therapy

    • Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially endo/epithelial cells and resident macrophages (many near the interface with the external environment) are potent producers of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.
    • In addition, elevated levels of IL-7, an important cytokine involved in T cell homeostasis, have been detected in the plasma of HIV-infected patients.
    • This results mainly in IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 production.