Examples of glycoprotein in the following topics:
-
- The genome encodes for 11 different glycoproteins, four of which, gB, gC, gD and gH, are involved in viral attachment.
- Initial interactions occur when viral envelope glycoprotein C (gC) binds to a cell surface particle called heparan sulfate.
- A second glycoprotein, glycoprotein D (gD), binds specifically to at least one of three known entry receptors.
- Glycoprotein B interacts with glycosaminoglycans on the surface of the host cell.
- Herpes simplex virus attaches to host cell surface receptors using glycoproteins.
-
- Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa.
- Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids .
- Transferrin glycoproteins bind iron very tightly, but reversibly.
-
- In mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida.
- In placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane .
- (b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus.
-
- Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite that is responsible for African sleeping sickness, confounds the human immune system by changing its thick layer of surface glycoproteins with each infectious cycle .
- The glycoproteins are identified by the immune system as foreign antigens and a specific antibody defense is mounted against the parasite.
- However, T. brucei has thousands of possible antigens; with each subsequent generation, the protist switches to a glycoprotein coating of a different molecular structure.
-
- Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (RBC production) and is used to treat anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease and myelodysplasia resulting from the treatment of cancer.
- Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the liver and the kidney that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow.
- GCSF is a glycoprotein growth factor that stimulates the bone marrow and is used therapeutically in certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery from neutropenia after chemotherapy.
-
- The glycoprotein responsible for attachment on the surface of an influenza viral particle is hemagglutinin (HA).
- HA is an antigenic glycoprotein.
- Of special note is HA (hemagglutinin), the glycoprotein critical for influenza attachment and entry into host cells.
-
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein hormone that affects the thyroid gland and the secretion of thyroid hormones.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein hormone that targets the gonads and effects the growth of the reproductive system.
- Luteinizing hormone is a glycoprotein hormone that targets the gonads to effect sex-hormone production.
-
- These follicles contain a viscous fluid, called colloid, which stores the glycoprotein thyroglobulin.
- This glycoprotein is the precursor to the thyroid hormones.
-
- The
secretory organs are responsible for
secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular
system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.
-
- They are always found on the exterior surface of cells and are bound either to proteins (forming glycoproteins) or to lipids (forming glycolipids).
- Similar types of glycoproteins and glycolipids are found on the surfaces of viruses and may change frequently, preventing immune cells from recognizing and attacking them.
- These carbohydrates on the exterior surface of the cell—the carbohydrate components of both glycoproteins and glycolipids—are collectively referred to as the glycocalyx (meaning "sugar coating").
- Carbohydrates attached to lipids (glycolipids) and to proteins (glycoproteins) extend from the outward-facing surface of the membrane.