Examples of endotoxin in the following topics:
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- Bacterial toxins are typically classified under two major categories: exotoxins or endotoxins.
- Exotoxins are immediately released into the surrounding environment whereas endotoxins are not released until the bacteria is killed by the immune system.
- Lastly, an example of an endotoxin, includes the protein lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by gram-negative bacteria.
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- By the end of the incubation period, the macro-organisms are poisoned by endotoxins that are released from the dead salmonellae.
- The local response to the endotoxins is enteritis and gastrointestinal disorder.
- Endotoxins first act on affected organs' vascular and nervous systems, manifested by: increased permeability and decreased tone of the vessels, upset thermal regulation, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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- The LPS molecule is toxic and is classified as an endotoxin that elicits a strong immune response when the bacteria infect animals.
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- However, in contrast to Bacteroides, Fusobacterium have a potent lipopolysaccharide that can function as an endotoxin.
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- Most cases of septic shock are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, followed by endotoxin-producing Gram-negative bacteria.
- Endotoxins are bacterial membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) consisting of a toxic fatty acid (lipid A) core common to all Gram-negative bacteria, and a complex polysaccharide coat (including O antigen) unique for each species.