crystallography

Examples of crystallography in the following topics:

• Crystallographic Analysis

  • Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in a solid.
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography have become the methods of choice for understanding three-dimensional protein structures.
  • Electron crystallography has been used to determine some protein structures, most notably membrane proteins and viral capsids.
  • Studies of protein crystallography help determine the three dimensional structure of proteins and analyze their function alone or within multimolecular assemblies.
  • Distinguish between the three methods of crystallography: X-ray, neturon and electron crystallography

• Determining Atomic Structures by X-Ray Crystallography

  • X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within molecules.
  • X-ray crystallography is a method for determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal structure.
  • X-ray crystallography is a powerful tool that has broad applications in the determination of the structures of both organic and inorganic compounds.
  • Throughout the history of chemistry and biochemistry, x-ray crystallography has been one of the most important methods in helping scientists understand the atomic structure and bonding.
  • Describe the method of x-ray crystallography as it is used for determining the structure of molecules.

• Basic Techniques in Protein Analysis

  • The basic techniques used to analyze proteins are mass spectrometry, x-ray crystallography, NMR, and protein microarrays.
  • X-ray crystallography enables scientists to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein crystal at atomic resolution.

• X-Ray Diffraction

  • The principle of diffraction is applied to record interference on a subatomic level in the study of x-ray crystallography.
  • In x-ray crystallography, the term for diffraction is Bragg diffraction, which is the scattering of waves from a crystalline structure.

• X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

  • The technique reveals detailed information about the chemical composition, crystallography, and microstructure of all types of natural and manufactured materials, which is key in understanding the properties of the material being studied.
  • Since many materials can form crystals—such as salts, metals, minerals, semiconductors, as well as various inorganic, organic, and biological molecules—X-ray crystallography has been fundamental in the development of many scientific fields.

• X-Ray Spectra: Origins, Diffraction by Crystals, and Importance

  • This process is known as x-ray crystallography because of the information it can yield about crystal structure.
  • These can be studied using x-ray crystallography.

• Discovery of DNA

  • Pauling had discovered the secondary structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography.

• Diffraction Gratings: X-Ray, Grating, Reflection

  • X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

• Quorum Sensing

  • Three-dimensional structures of proteins involved in quorum sensing were first published in 2001, when the crystal structures of three LuxS orthologs were determined by X-ray crystallography.

• X-Rays

  • Since the wavelength of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms, they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography.