centrally-planned

Examples of centrally-planned in the following topics:

• Differences Between Centrally Planned and Market Economies

  • The key difference between centrally planned and market economies is the degree of individual autonomy.
  • While there are many different variations of national economies, the two dominant economic coordination mechanisms are centrally planned and market based.
  • Since most peoples' needs are provided for in a centrally planned economy, compensation is primarily morally based.
  • Planned economies have several advantages.
  • Lenin, is an example of a country that tried to establish a pure centrally planned economy.

• Constitutional Issues and Compromises

  • After the Virginia Plan was introduced, New Jersey delegate William Paterson asked for an adjournment to contemplate the plan.
  • Paterson's New Jersey Plan was ultimately a rebuttal to the Virginia Plan.
  • Unsatisfied with the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan, Alexander Hamilton proposed his own plan.
  • It also was known as the British Plan, because of its resemblance to the British system of strong centralized government.
  • The plan was perceived as a well-thought-out plan, but it was not considered because it resembled the British system too closely.

• Centralization

  • The military and manufacturing firms are examples of centrally managed organizations.
  • Centralization is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group.
  • In political science, centralization refers to the concentration of a government's power, both geographically and politically, into a centralized government.
  • In neuroscience, centralization refers to the evolutionary trend of the nervous system to be partitioned into a central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
  • Centralized organizations typically require that communications flow through a central person or location.

• Urban Planning in the Greek High Classical Period

  • Before rational city planning, cities grew organically and often radiated out from a central point, such as the Acropolis and Agora at the center of Athens.
  • He is considered the "father" of urban planning, and his name is given to the grid layout of city planning, known as the Hippodamian plan.
  • The Hippodamian plan is now known as a grid plan formed by streets intersecting at right angles.
  • The agora was the central component of the city.
  • What is most impressive is a wide central area, which was kept unsettled according to his macro-scale urban estimation and in time evolved to the “Agora”, the center of both the city and the society

• Defining Strategic Planning

  • Strategic planning is concerned with defining company goals and determining the resources needed to achieve them.
  • Strategic planning generally deals with at least one of three key questions:
  • While different business models include different components in their planning, based on unique organizational or industry needs, the central theme is that all aspects of the strategy should be researched and discussed prior to incurring the costs of operations.
  • There are many approaches to strategic planning, but typically one of the following approaches is used.
  • Assess the definition of planning in context with strategy and the various planning process approaches

• The Albany Congress and the Intercolonial Defense

  • Exceeding these limited objectives, the assembly adopted a plan developed by Benjamin Franklin for government of the colonies by a central executive and a council of delegates.
  • The original plan was heavily debated by all who attended the conference, and numerous modifications were proposed until the plan proceeded to be passed unanimously.
  • The delegates voted approval of a plan that called for a union of 12 colonies.
  • The Union Plan included all of the British colonies in North America, except Delaware and Georgia.
  • The plan was also rejected by the Colonial Office.

• Bureaucratic Control

  • The quality control cycle improves processes through a continuous cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting.
  • PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is a four-step management method used in business to control and continuously improve processes and products.
  • It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA).
  • Do: In this step, a business implements the plan, executes the process, and makes the product.
  • Use the four central components of the quality control cycle as a quality control (QC) tool

• Implement the Course

  • Implementing a decision requires the decision maker to make and execute a plan of action.
  • Three essential actions to implementing a decision are: developing a plan, communicating with stakeholders, and executing the plan (which includes assessing outcomes and making adjustments as needed).
  • Accomplishing the decision's objective requires completing the steps outlined in the implementation plan.
  • These may require additions to, or other changes in, the plan.
  • Describe the three central steps to effectively implementing a decision upon the selection of a particular perspective or course

• The Marshall Plan and Molotov Plan

• Overview of Strategic Planning Tools

  • Strategists have developed a large array of tools useful in plan formulation, all of which provide unique insights and advantages.
  • Identifying these tools, and selecting which are most appropriate for determining the effectiveness or efficiency of a project, is a central responsibility of a strategic-management team.
  • Scenario planning is an interesting tool with which strategists construct various scenarios to test out the potential trajectories of specific operational plans.
  • Contingency planning can be simply described as the back-up plan, while participatory planning is the primary plan.
  • It is also useful to set goals and a timeline to assess progress and ensure that each individual is achieving their segment of the plan.