1800
Related subjects: Years
Background Information
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 17th century – 18th century – 19th century |
| Decades: | 1770s 1780s 1790s – 1800s – 1810s 1820s 1830s |
| Years: | 1797 1798 1799 – 1800 – 1801 1802 1803 |
Year 1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, February 28 [ O.S. February 17, 1800] 1800, but 12 days ahead since Saturday, March 1 [ O.S. February 18, 1800] 1800.
Events of 1800
- World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:
January - March
- February - Foundation of the Bank of France
- March 14 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope.
- March 20 - Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society.
April - June
- April - Voting begins in the United States presidential election, 1800; it will last until October. The result is not announced until February of 1801.
- April 24 - U.S. Library of Congress founded.
- May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January 1801. The act is signed by King George III in August.
- May 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy.
- June 2 - First smallpox vaccination in North America, at Trinity, Newfoundland.
- June 14 - Battle of Marengo, Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.
July - September
- September 5 - At the invitation of the Maltese, British troops liberate the Islands of Malta and Gozo from the French.
- September 20 - Treaty of Mortefontaine signed between France, Britain, and the United States of America, ending the Quasi-War.
- September 30 - Convention of 1800 is signed.
October - December
- November 1
- U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
- Middlebury College is granted its charter by the Vermont General Assembly
- November 17 - The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.
- December 3 - Battle of Hohenlinden, the French army defeats the German troops.
- December 24
- An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris.
- Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.
Undated
- The infrared radiation is discovered by William Herschel.
- Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.
- The Althing of Iceland, the world's oldest parliament, is abolished.
- Downing College, Cambridge is founded after a legal action in the Court of Chancery to enforce the will of Sir George Browning, 3rd Baronet.
Ongoing events
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)- Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
- Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)- Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1800 MDCCC |
| Ab urbe condita | 2553 |
| Armenian calendar | 1249 ԹՎ ՌՄԽԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6550 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -44–-43 |
| Bengali calendar | 1207 |
| Berber calendar | 2750 |
| British Regnal year | 40 Geo. 3 – 41 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2344 |
| Burmese calendar | 1162 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7308–7309 |
| Chinese calendar | 己未年十二月初七日 (4436/4496-12-7) — to — 庚申年十一月十六日(4437/4497-11-16) |
| Coptic calendar | 1516–1517 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1792–1793 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5560–5561 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1856–1857 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1722–1723 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4901–4902 |
| Holocene calendar | 11800 |
| Igbo calendar | |
| - Ǹrí Ìgbò | 800–801 |
| Iranian calendar | 1178–1179 |
| Islamic calendar | 1214–1215 |
| Japanese calendar | Kansei 12 (寛政12年) |
| Juche calendar | N/A (before 1912) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 or 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4133 |
| Minguo calendar | 112 before ROC 民前112年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2343 |
January-June
- January 1 - Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (died 1857)
- January 6 - Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (died 1889)
- January 7 - Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (died 1874)
- January 11 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, the inventor of the Dynamo (1895)
- January 12 - George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat and statesman (died 1870)
- January 14 - Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (died 1877)
- January 17 - Caleb Cushing, American statesman and diplomat (died 1879)
- January 24 - Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer (died 1890 or did he?)
- January 26
- January 27 - John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (died 1875)
- February 1 - Brian Houghton Hodgson, English civil servant (died 1894)
- felix mendelson
- February 6 - Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (died 1857)
- February 9
- February 11 - William Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)
- February 12 - John Edward Gray, British zoologist (died 1875)
- February 23 - William Jardine, Scottish naturalist (died 1874)
- February 26
- March 2 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (died 1844)
- March 3 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (died 1862)
- March 4 - William Price, British physician and eccentric (died 1893)
- March 12 - Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (died 1885)
- March 13 - Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Turkish statesman and diplomat
- March 16 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (died 1846)
- March 17 - Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman and mystic (died 1862)
- March 20 - Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist and literary historian (died 1875)
- March 25
- March 28 - Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)
- April 2 - Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (died 1874)
- April 4 - Tokugawa Nariaki, Japanese daimyo of Mito (died 1860)
- April 15 - James Clark Ross, British naval officer and explorer (died 1862)
- April 16
- April 29 - Hiram Cronk, last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (died 1905)
- May 1 - James Black, creator of the original Bowie knife (died 1870)
- May 5 - Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)
- May 6 - Roman Sanguszko, Polish noble (died 1881)
- May 8 - Armand Carrel, French writer (died 1836)
- May 9
- May 30 - Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1827)
- June 1 - Charles Fremantle, Royal Navy officer (died 1869)
- June 2 - Nicholas P. Trist, secretary to Andrew Jackson (died 1874)
- June 3 - Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist (died 1860)
- June 17 - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (died 1867)
- June 23 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (died 1846)
- June 30 - Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1873)
July - December
- July 14 - Jean-Baptiste Dumas, French chemist (died 1884)
- July 19 - Juan José Flores, first president of Ecuador (died 1864)
- July 22
- July 31
- August 4 - Hercules L. Dousman, American trader and financier (died 1868)
- August 5 - Ramón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia, Spanish soldier and statesman (died 1868)
- August 10 - Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer (died 1890)
- August 12
- August 13 - Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (died 1843)
- August 19
- August 21 - Hiram Walden, American politician (died 1880)
- August 22
- August 25 - Karl Hase, German Protestant theologian and Church historian (died 1890)
- September 6 - Catharine Beecher, American educator (died 1878)
- September 11 - Daniel S. Dickinson, Confederate admiral (died 1866)
- September 12
- September 13
- September 15 - Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1842)
- September 19 - William McKean, admiral in the United States Navy (died 1865)
- September 20
- September 22
- September 23 - William Holmes McGuffey, American professor who created the McGuffey Readers (died 1873)
- September 30 - Decimus Burton, prolific English architect and garden designer (died 1881)
- October 1 - Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish Lutheran pastor of Sami ancestry (died 1861)
- October 2 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (died 1831)
- October 3 - George Bancroft, American historian and statesman (died 1891)
- October 8 - Jules Desnoyers, French geologist and archaeologist (died 1887)
- October 18 - Henry Taylor, English dramatist (died 1886)
- October 22 - Christian Lassen, German orientalist (died 1876)
- October 23 - Henri Milne-Edwards, French zoologist (died 1885)
- October 25
- October 26 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal (died 1891)
- October 27 - Benjamin Wade, U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1878)
- November 4
- November 17 - Achille Fould, French financier and politician (died 1867)
- November 18 - John Nelson Darby, British evangelist (died 1882)
- November 22 - Linn Boyd, U.S. politician (died 1859)
- December 1 - Mihály Vörösmarty, Hungarian poet (died 1855)
- December 3 - France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (died 1849)
- December 4
- December 5 - Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (died 1850)
- December 7 - Giuseppe Gené, Italian naturalist and author (died 1847)
- December 20 - Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, English statesman (died 1885)
- December 25 - John Phillips, English geologist (died 1874)
- December 27 - John Goss, English organist and composer (died 1880)
- December 29 - Charles Goodyear, American rubber magnate (died 1860)
- date unknown
- Elias Boudinot, Cherokee who started and edited the tribe's first newspaper (died 1839)
- John McLeod Campbell, Scottish churchman (died 1872)
- Martín Perfecto de Cos, Mexican general (died 1854)
- James Glynn, United States Navy officer (died 1871)
- Edwin Guest, English antiquary (died 1880)
- Frederick Yeates Hurlstone, English painter (died 1869)
- Thomas Henry Lister, English novelist (died 1842)
- William Simson, Scottish painter (died 1847)
- Harriet Smithson, Irish actress (died 1854)
- Jacob Westervelt, American shipbuilder and mayor of New York (died 1856)
- probable
- Richard Lawrence, attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson (died 1861)
- William Nicholson, officer in the United States Navy (died 1872)
Deaths
January-June
- January 1 - Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton,
- January 6
- William Jones, English divine (born 1726)
- Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)
- January 9 - Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (born 1762)
- January 13 - Dempsey Burges, Republican U.S. Congressman (born 1751)
- January 20 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (born 1744)
- January 22 - George Steevens, English Shakespearean commentator (born 1736)
- January 23 - Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (born 1749)
- February 2 - James C. Jarvis, United States Navy officer (born 1787)
- February 23 - Joseph Warton, English academic and literary critic (born 1722)
- March - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (born 1721)
- March 1 - John Hazelwood, officer in the Continental Navy (born 1726)
- March 14 - Daines Barrington, English naturalist (born 1727)
- March 21 - William Blount, U.S. statesman (born 1749)
- March 29 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (born 1714)
- April 13 - Kazimierz Poniatowski, Polish nobleman (born 1721)
- April 25
- Ezekiel Cornell, Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (born 1732)
- William Cowper, English poet (born 1731)
- May 4 - Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (born 1750)
- May 7 - Niccola Piccinni, Italian composer (born 1728)
- May 18 - Alexander Suvorov, Count of Rymnik (born 1729)
- June 14
- June 20 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)
- June 24 - Charles Stewart, American revolutionary (born 1729)
- June 28 - Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne, Grenadier officer in the French army (born 1743)
- June 30 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (born 1732)
July-December
- July 14 - Lorenzo Mascheroni, Italian mathematician (born 1750)
- July 18 - John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina (born 1739)
- August 24 - Rawlins Lowndes, American lawyer and jurist (born 1721)
- August 25 - Elizabeth Montagu, English literary critic (born 1720)
- August 31 - John Blair, American politician (born 1732)
- September 2 - Maciej Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (born 1749)
- September 26 - William Billings, American choral composer (born 1746)
- September 27 - William Gibbons, American lawyer and revolutionary (born 1726)
- September 29 - Michael Denis, Austrian poet (born 1729)
- October 4 - Johann Hermann, German physician and naturalist (born 1738)
- October 10 - Gabriel Prosser,
- October 16 - Benjamin Huntington, American lawyer and politician (born 1736)
- October 28 - Artemas Ward, American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts (born 1727)
- November 5 - Jesse Ramsden, English astronomical instrument maker (born 1735)
- November 14 - François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, French general (born 1739)
- November 30 - Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, English eccentric nobleman (born 1712)
- December 7 - Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Hessian Lieutenant-General (born 1716)
- December 17 - William Peery, American farmer and lawyer (born 1743)
- December 26 - Mary Robinson, English poet (born 1756)
- December 27 - Hugh Blair, Scottish Presbyterian preacher and man of letters (born 1718)
- date unknown
- Jean-Baptiste Audebert, French artist and naturalist
- Samuel Barrington, British admiral (born 1729)
- Thomas Conway, Irish soldier (born 1734)
- Henry Cort, English ironmaster
- George Dixon, English sea captain and explorer (born 1755)
- Charles Johnstone, Irish writer (born 1719)
- Aleksander August Zamoyski, Polish nobleman
