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Sales Representatives


At a Glance

  • Work for manufacturers or wholesale companies
  • Spend much of their time traveling
  • Work closely with many different clients
  • Often work more than 40 hours a week
  • Training requirements vary by the product for sale
  • Have good communication and persuasion skills

Career summary

Sales representatives sell products to manufacturers, businesses, and other types of clients.

People who work in this occupation may also be called commercial salespeople, inside sales representatives, sales engineers, outside sales representatives, equipment sales representatives, industrial salespeople, and manufacturers' sales representatives.

Sales representatives focus on interesting buyers in their company's products. They answer questions that potential clients have. They work for manufacturers or wholesale companies.

Sales workers have different job titles depending on where they work.

Sales representatives spend much of their time traveling. They visit potential buyers and current clients to discuss clients' needs. They suggest how products or services can meet their needs. Sales representatives may show samples or catalogs that describe products. They inform clients about prices and availability and stress the unique qualities of their products or services.

Sales representatives resolve problems or complaints with the merchandise. Some install new equipment and train employees.

Sales engineers are the most highly trained sales workers. They sell products such as computer systems and numerical-control machinery. They answer questions and help potential buyers with technical problems. They may design plans of proposed machinery layouts. They may estimate cost savings and plan training for employees. They present this information and negotiate the sale.

Sales representatives who sell consumer goods often help display merchandise. They may set up:

Sales representatives obtain new clients and accounts. They follow leads from other clients and participate in trade shows.

Sales representatives analyze sales figures and study product literature. They prepare reports, make travel plans, and file their expense accounts. Agents who operate a sales agency manage the business.

Related careers

This career is part of the Marketing cluster of careers.

Related careers include:

Job duties

Task list

The following list of tasks is specific to sales representatives.

Common work activities

Sales representatives perform the following tasks. These tasks are common to many careers.

Work requirements

Working conditions

In a typical work setting, sales representatives:

Interpersonal relationships

Physical work conditions

Work performance

Hours/travel

Physical demands

Sales representatives frequently:

It is important for sales representatives to be able to:

It is not as important, but still necessary, for sales representatives to be able to:

Skills and abilities

Sales representatives need to:

Communicate

Reason and problem solve

Manage oneself, people, time, and things

Work with people

Education and training

Educational programs

The programs of study listed below will help you prepare for the occupation or career cluster you are exploring.

Programs of study directly related to this occupation

Other programs of study to consider

Training

To work as a sales representative, you typically need to:

Education after high school

The amount and type of education you need for this occupation depends on the products or services you sell. A high school diploma and proven sales experience are acceptable for some jobs, such as selling consumer products to retail stores. However, you need a strong education background for selling technical products. Selling industrial products, such as machinery or chemicals, may require a degree in engineering or chemistry.

Work experience

Many sales jobs require previous sales experience. Some require technical experience with products. This experience could be installing, repairing, or using the product.

On-the-job training

Many firms have formal training programs for beginning sales representatives. These programs may last up to one year. In some programs, you rotate among jobs in production plants and offices to learn all phases of the operation. In other programs, you take courses and get on-the-job training. As you become familiar with the firm and its products, you take on more responsibility. Eventually, you are assigned your own territory. This type of training may last from six months to a year.

Sales representatives must continually update their knowledge of new products and customer needs. You attend trade shows to learn about new products and sales techniques. You also attend conferences and conventions to meet with clients and other sales representatives to discuss industry changes and concerns.

Helpful high school courses

You should take a general high school curriculum that meets the state's graduation requirements. You will be required to take both math and science classes to graduate.

Helpful electives to take in high school that prepare you for this career include:

The courses listed above are meant to help you create your high school plan. If you have not already done so, talk to a school counselor or parent about the courses you are considering taking.

You should also check with a teacher or counselor to see if work-based learning opportunities are available in your school and community. These might include field trips, job shadowing, internships, and actual work experience. The goal of these activities is to help you connect your school experiences with real-life work.

Join some groups, try some hobbies, or volunteer with an organization that interests you. By participating in activities you can have fun, make new friends, and learn about yourself. Maybe one of them will help direct you to a future career. Here are examples of activities and groups that may be available in your high school or community.

Things to know

Many employers prefer to hire applicants who have a college degree. Employers whose firms sell industrial products may prefer applicants with a degree in science or engineering. In contrast, firms that sell basic consumer products may place less emphasis on education. They may be more interested in sales experience and familiarity with their products. In general, employers look for applicants who have the personality and the desire to sell.

Most employers prefer sales representatives who are goal-oriented and persuasive. They should be able to work well both independently and as part of a team. A pleasant personality, neat appearance, and the ability to communicate well are also important. Completing a sale can take several months. Sales representatives should be patient, persistent, and good at problem-solving.

Tips

Sales representatives who truly believe in the products they sell, learn what their clients need, and who develop long-term relationships with their clients are generally more successful.

#Use national hiring practices.

#Tips from info in Seattle Times, March 11, 2007 article on drug-maker sales reps pitches to doctors, CJ 4/25/07.

Costs to workers

Most workers are required to have a professional business wardrobe.

Job listings

Listed below are links to job categories from the National Labor Exchange that relate to this career. Once you get a list of jobs, you can view information about individual jobs and find out how to apply. If your job search finds too many openings, or if you wish to search for jobs outside of Washington, you will need to refine your search.

To get a listing of current jobs from the WorkSource system, go to the WorkSource website (external link).

Wages

Sales engineers (SOC 41-9031)

Location
Pay Period
10%
25%
Median
75%
90%
Washington Hourly $31.87 $46.00 $58.91 $71.73 $80.40
Monthly $5,523 $7,972 $10,209 $12,431 $13,933
Yearly $66,290 $95,680 $122,540 $149,200 $167,240
    Olympia-Tumwater Hourly $45.90 $53.52 $71.32 $80.12 $88.10
Monthly $7,954 $9,275 $12,360 $13,885 $15,268
Yearly $95,464 $111,316 $148,343 $166,643 $183,239
    Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue Hourly $33.12 $48.69 $61.37 $74.29 $82.99
Monthly $5,740 $8,438 $10,635 $12,874 $14,382
Yearly $68,888 $101,275 $127,647 $154,521 $172,626
    Spokane-Spokane Valley Hourly $22.64 $28.11 $40.56 $57.33 $64.97
Monthly $3,924 $4,871 $7,029 $9,935 $11,259
Yearly $47,086 $58,466 $84,369 $119,241 $135,137
    Vancouver Hourly $32.34 $39.79 $50.60 $68.39 $81.04
Monthly $5,605 $6,896 $8,769 $11,852 $14,044
Yearly $67,265 $82,750 $105,260 $142,257 $168,565
United States Hourly $28.09 $36.25 $48.76 $64.11 $79.49
Monthly $4,868 $6,282 $8,450 $11,110 $13,776
Yearly $58,430 $75,410 $101,420 $133,340 $165,350

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products (SOC 41-4012)

Location
Pay Period
10%
25%
Median
75%
90%
Washington Hourly $16.21 $21.37 $29.93 $43.48 $62.54
Monthly $2,809 $3,703 $5,187 $7,535 $10,838
Yearly $33,720 $44,460 $62,250 $90,430 $130,080
    Bellingham Hourly $15.92 $19.02 $29.74 $43.98 $65.15
Monthly $2,759 $3,296 $5,154 $7,622 $11,290
Yearly $33,119 $39,554 $61,844 $91,462 $135,504
    Bremerton-Silverdale Hourly $14.36 $18.47 $29.84 $44.51 $62.22
Monthly $2,489 $3,201 $5,171 $7,714 $10,783
Yearly $29,879 $38,410 $62,071 $92,584 $129,414
    Clarkston-Lewiston Hourly $15.01 $17.93 $24.72 $34.30 $50.91
Monthly $2,601 $3,107 $4,284 $5,944 $8,823
Yearly $31,228 $37,298 $51,419 $71,347 $105,889
    Kennewick-Richland Hourly $16.46 $21.54 $30.95 $38.05 $46.87
Monthly $2,853 $3,733 $5,364 $6,594 $8,123
Yearly $34,236 $44,815 $64,397 $79,150 $97,475
    Longview Hourly $12.10 $16.04 $27.09 $38.26 $57.05
Monthly $2,097 $2,780 $4,695 $6,630 $9,887
Yearly $25,182 $33,372 $56,344 $79,571 $118,668
    Mount Vernon-Anacortes Hourly $17.06 $21.11 $31.62 $43.26 $52.78
Monthly $2,956 $3,658 $5,480 $7,497 $9,147
Yearly $35,469 $43,909 $65,757 $90,000 $109,771
    Olympia-Tumwater Hourly $18.22 $25.36 $33.99 $48.83 $81.14
Monthly $3,158 $4,395 $5,890 $8,462 $14,062
Yearly $37,895 $52,745 $70,689 $101,568 $168,775
    Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue Hourly $17.22 $22.78 $31.33 $45.24 $65.22
Monthly $2,984 $3,948 $5,429 $7,840 $11,303
Yearly $35,817 $47,386 $65,149 $94,097 $135,660
    Spokane-Spokane Valley Hourly $15.65 $19.24 $27.48 $41.13 $52.99
Monthly $2,712 $3,334 $4,762 $7,128 $9,183
Yearly $32,566 $40,027 $57,154 $85,557 $110,220
    Vancouver Hourly $16.33 $21.69 $30.13 $45.00 $63.63
Monthly $2,830 $3,759 $5,222 $7,799 $11,027
Yearly $33,974 $45,106 $62,671 $93,588 $132,362
    Walla Walla Hourly $21.12 $26.49 $31.14 $42.36 $56.02
Monthly $3,660 $4,591 $5,397 $7,341 $9,708
Yearly $43,930 $55,099 $64,769 $88,108 $116,523
    Wenatchee Hourly $16.32 $22.34 $31.76 $52.30 $74.43
Monthly $2,828 $3,872 $5,504 $9,064 $12,899
Yearly $33,951 $46,455 $66,055 $108,801 $154,817
    Yakima Hourly $14.64 $19.96 $28.57 $39.36 $51.56
Monthly $2,537 $3,459 $4,951 $6,821 $8,935
Yearly $30,451 $41,498 $59,425 $81,879 $107,242
United States Hourly $14.01 $19.60 $28.13 $40.37 $59.02
Monthly $2,428 $3,397 $4,875 $6,996 $10,228
Yearly $29,140 $40,770 $58,510 $83,980 $122,770

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products (SOC 41-4011)

Location
Pay Period
10%
25%
Median
75%
90%
Washington Hourly $20.15 $27.03 $39.50 $56.12 $73.18
Monthly $3,492 $4,684 $6,845 $9,726 $12,682
Yearly $41,900 $56,230 $82,160 $116,730 $152,220
    Bellingham Hourly $12.39 $21.61 $36.65 $50.95 $74.11
Monthly $2,147 $3,745 $6,351 $8,830 $12,843
Yearly $25,769 $44,950 $76,237 $105,974 $154,141
    Olympia-Tumwater Hourly (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Monthly (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Yearly (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
    Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue Hourly $21.14 $28.12 $40.35 $56.70 $73.85
Monthly $3,664 $4,873 $6,993 $9,826 $12,798
Yearly $43,974 $58,488 $83,934 $117,936 $153,611
    Spokane-Spokane Valley Hourly $15.67 $22.16 $41.57 $52.88 $76.95
Monthly $2,716 $3,840 $7,204 $9,164 $13,335
Yearly $32,592 $46,098 $86,468 $109,995 $160,071
    Vancouver Hourly $19.77 $28.89 $38.67 $55.42 $88.58
Monthly $3,426 $5,007 $6,702 $9,604 $15,351
Yearly $41,123 $60,097 $80,438 $115,280 $184,253
United States Hourly $19.21 $26.74 $38.31 $55.72 $75.31
Monthly $3,329 $4,634 $6,639 $9,656 $13,051
Yearly $39,960 $55,630 $79,680 $115,900 $156,630

(1) Wage estimate is not available.

Wages vary by the area of specialization. Most sales representatives earn a combination of salary and commission, or salary plus bonus. Commissions are usually based on the amount of sales. Bonuses depend on the performance of the individual, all sales workers in the group, or the company.

Sales representatives are usually reimbursed for expenses such as transportation, meals, hotels, and entertaining customers. They often receive benefits such as health insurance and a retirement plan. Some also have personal use of a company car. In addition, some companies offer incentives, such as free trips or gifts, for outstanding sales.

Employment and outlook

Washington outlook

The table below provides information about the number of workers in this career in various regions. It also provides information about the expected growth rate and future job openings.

Sales Engineers (SOC 41-9031)

Location Current employment Growth over 10 years Annual openings
This
occupation
All
occupations
Washington 1,295 21.0% 16.1% 198
    Adams, Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan Counties 11 18.2% 13.4% 1
    Clark, Cowlitz, and Wahkiakum Counties 32 46.9% 15.2% 7
    Grays Harbor, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, and Thurston Counties 19 57.9% 14.1% 4
    Island, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties 17 0.0% 14.6% 2
    King County 1,125 21.2% 19.6% 173
    Pierce County 29 6.9% 15.2% 3
    Snohomish County 36 22.2% 12.4% 6
    Spokane County 15 13.3% 13.9% 2
United States 66,700 5.5% 5.2% 7,900

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products (SOC 41-4012)

Location Current employment Growth over 10 years Annual openings
This
occupation
All
occupations
Washington 36,322 6.6% 16.1% 4,238
    Adams, Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan Counties 919 10.4% 13.4% 117
    Asotin, Columbia, Ferry, Garfield, Lincoln, Pend Oreille, Stevens, Walla Walla, and Whitman Counties 557 5.9% 8.6% 64
    Benton and Franklin Counties 911 7.8% 15.0% 109
    Clallam, Jefferson, and Kitsap Counties 591 2.4% 11.9% 62
    Clark, Cowlitz, and Wahkiakum Counties 2,985 8.6% 15.2% 363
    Grays Harbor, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, and Thurston Counties 1,179 16.1% 14.1% 169
    Island, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties 1,324 6.8% 14.6% 155
    King County 16,325 6.0% 19.6% 1,875
    Kittitas, Klickitat, Skamania, and Yakima Counties 1,222 6.0% 13.8% 141
    Pierce County 3,617 -4.0% 15.2% 317
    Snohomish County 3,123 7.1% 12.4% 368
    Spokane County 2,695 8.3% 13.9% 326
United States 1,406,400 1.7% 5.2% 151,100

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products (SOC 41-4011)

Location Current employment Growth over 10 years Annual openings
This
occupation
All
occupations
Washington 4,997 24.0% 16.1% 801
    Adams, Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan Counties 11 54.5% 13.4% 2
    Benton and Franklin Counties 12 16.7% 15.0% 2
    Clallam, Jefferson, and Kitsap Counties 37 10.8% 11.9% 5
    Clark, Cowlitz, and Wahkiakum Counties 174 10.9% 15.2% 22
    Grays Harbor, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, and Thurston Counties 135 26.7% 14.1% 22
    Island, San Juan, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties 71 21.1% 14.6% 11
    King County 3,768 28.2% 19.6% 644
    Kittitas, Klickitat, Skamania, and Yakima Counties 30 13.3% 13.8% 4
    Pierce County 192 7.8% 15.2% 22
    Snohomish County 179 6.1% 12.4% 20
    Spokane County 127 9.4% 13.9% 16
United States 325,900 3.7% 5.2% 36,000

National employment

Jobs are located in every part of the country in all kinds of industries.

Major employers:

National outlook

Growth in this occupation will be slower than average. Demand will be created by the increasing variety and number of goods to be sold. Computers, e-mail, and mobile devices allow sales representatives to get more work done in less time. This limits the demand for sales representatives.

Growth is highest in independent sales firms. More companies contract out their sales work.

Competition for jobs is strong. Job prospects will be best for those with knowledge and technical expertise, as well as personal traits required for successful selling.

Other resources

AgCareers.com (external link)
Western USA Office
866.519.7445
Direct Selling Association (external link)
1667 K Street NW, Suite 1100
Washington, DC 20006
202.452.8866
Electric League of the Pacific Northwest (external link)
PO Box 50633
Bellevue, WA 98015
425.646.4727
Manufacturers' Agents National Association (external link)
6321 West Dempster Street, Suite 110
Morton Grove, IL 60053
877.626.2776
949.859.4040
National Farmers Organization (external link)
528 Billy Sunday Road, Suite 100
PO Box 2508
Ames, IA 50010
800.247.2110
National Retail Federation (external link)
1101 New York Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20005
800.673.4692
202.783.7971
North American Equipment Dealers Association (external link)
165 North Meramec Avenue, Suite 430
Clayton, MO 63105
636.349.5000
Professional Association for Customer Engagement (external link)
5250 E US 36, Suite #1102B
Avon, IN 46123
317.816.9336
Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union (external link)
Sales and Marketing Executives International, Inc. (external link)
PO Box 1390
Sumas, WA 98295-1390
312.893.0751
Trend Seattle (external link)
528 North 79th Street
Seattle, WA 98103
206.767.9200
Washington Retail Association (external link)
618 Quince Street SE
Olympia, WA 98501
360.943.9198

References

Career cluster

Career path

O*Net (external link) occupations

O*Net job zone (external link)

DOT occupations

Strong Interest Inventory

Holland occupational clusters

COPSystem