Nativism

Examples of Nativism in the following topics:

• Settlers and Native Americans

  • Settlers' relations with Native Americans were difficult and fueled by conflicts over land.
  • Most Native Americans who joined the struggle sided with the British, based both on their trading relationships and their hopes that colonial defeat would result in a halt to further colonial expansion onto Native American land.
  • The British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783) , through which they ceded vast Native American territories to the United States without informing or consulting with the Native Americans.
  • Native American tribes led the Northwest Indian War in an attempt to repulse American settlers.
  • Describe the role of the Native American tribes in the Revolutionary War

• The Treaty of Fort Stanwix

  • The Treaty of Fort Stanwix was one of several treaties signed between Native Americans and the United States after the American Revolution.
  • It was one of several treaties between Native Americans and the United States after the American victory in the Revolutionary War.
  • The treaty served as a peace treaty between the Iroquois and the Americans, since the Natives had been ignored in the Treaty of Paris.
  • The general Native confederacy also disavowed the treaty since most members of the Six Nations did not live in the Ohio territory.
  • Many of the Ohio Country natives, including the Shawnee, the Mingo and Delaware tribes rejected the treaty.

• The Year of Blood

  • "The Year of Blood" refers to the carnage that took place in 1782, between militia-supported settlers and Native Americans allied with the British.
  • In May 1782, Colonel William Crawford led a campaign to destroy enemy Native American settlements along the Sandusky River in the Ohio Country with the hope of ending Native American attacks on American settlers.
  • Crawford led 500 volunteer militiamen deep into Native American territory and engaged with Native Americans and their British allies from Detroit.
  • The Native Americans executed these captives in retaliation for the Gnadenhütten massacre.
  • This execution was widely publicized in the United States, worsening the already-strained relationship between Native Americans and European Americans.

• American Indian Policy

  • As settlers moved west, Native American tribes were coerced into signing treaties that gave away their land.
  • The lands that natives resided on, Nebraska and Kansas territories, ended up being taken from the natives by the government and given to settlers.
  • The outcome of this devastating removal cost the natives their tribal identity and independence.
  • Congress passed the General Allotment Act, which is considered one of the earliest attempts aimed toward assimilation of native tribes.
  • The Bureau of Indian Affairs kept a commanding hold on all aspects of native life, with the goal of "civilizing" natives.

• Bacon's Rebellion

  • Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising in Virginia in 1676 against the colonial Governor's friendly policies toward Native Americans.
  • In 1674 a group of yeomen farmers on the Virginia frontier demanded that Native Americans living on treaty-protected lands be driven out or killed.
  • In September 1675, a series of violent conflicts between Virginians and Native Americans began.
  • When Berkeley refused to go against the Native Americans, farmers gathered to form a raiding party, of which Nathaniel Bacon was elected leader.
  • Bacon and his men led several more raids against Native Americans and on September 19, 1676, burned Jamestown to the ground .

• Nativism

  • Nativism was an anti-immigration movement that favored those descended from the inhabitants of the original thirteen colonies.
  • The largest of these movements was nativism, which took its name from the "Native American" parties.
  • In this context, "native" did not mean indigenous or American Indian, but rather those descended from the inhabitants of the original British thirteen colonies.
  • As German and Irish immigrants poured into the United States in the decades preceding the Civil War, native-born laborers also found themselves competing for jobs with new arrivals who were more likely to work longer hours for less pay.
  • Nativism caused much splintering in the political landscape

• New France and the Native Americans

  • French traders in America quickly realized the economic benefits of working with Native Americans to exploit fur and timber exports.
  • The Native Americans helped them to hunt for food and to use the furs from their prey to keep warm during the winter months.
  • The fur trade allowed Native Americans access to metal tools that would make their lives easier.
  • There were both positive and negative aspects of the fur trade for the Native people.
  • This is a scene from the French and Indian War (1754–1763), depicting the alliance of French and Native American forces.

• Indian Resistance and Survival

  • As American expansion continued, Native Americans resisted settlers' encroachment in several regions of the new nation (and in unorganized territories), from the Northwest to the Southeast, and then in the West, as settlers encountered the tribes of the Great Plains.
  • Native American nations on the plains in the West continued armed conflicts with the United States throughout the 19th century through what were called generally "Indian Wars. " The Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) was one of the greatest Native American victories.
  • Census Bureau estimated that about 0.8% of the U.S. population was of American Indian or Alaska Native descent.

• Discontent on the Frontier

  • Conflict with the Native Americans arose out of political issues, viz. who would rule.
  • The war was named after the Ottawa leader Pontiac, the most prominent of many native leaders in the conflict.
  • A new wave of Scots-Irish immigrants encroached on Native American land in the back country.
  • The ruthlessness of these conflicts reflected a growing divide between the British colonists and Native Americans.
  • As a result, the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with Native Americans.

• The Rise of the West

  • As settlers moved west, they encroached on land traditionally home to Native American people.
  • Confrontations between Native Americans and settlers were frequent and sometimes violent.
  • As American expansion continued, Native Americans resisted settlers' encroachment in several regions of the new nation.
  • This lithograph depicts the Battle of the Thames and the death of the Native American leader Tecumseh
  • Tecumseh led a Native American coalition that attempted to stop westward expansion of the United States.