Emergency Quota Act

Examples of Emergency Quota Act in the following topics:

• Nativism

  • In 1798 President John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, which limited the ability of immigrants, especially radicals from France and Ireland, to gain full political rights.
  • After intense lobbying from the nativist movement, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921.
  • This bill was the first to place numerical quotas on immigration.
  • The Emergency Quota Act was followed with the Immigration Act of 1924, a more permanent resolution.
  • This law reduced the number of immigrants able to arrive from 357,803, the number established in the Emergency Quota Act, to 164,687.

• Racial Friction

  • At the height of the tensions came the Red Summer of 1919, when whites carried out open acts of violence against blacks, who were forced to fight back.
  • Nativist movements included the Know Nothing or American Party of the 1850s, the Immigration Restriction League of the 1890s, the anti-Asian movements in the West, resulting in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the "Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907," by which Japan's government stopped emigration to America.
  • After intense lobbying from the nativist movement, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921.
  • This bill was the first to place numerical quotas on immigration.
  • The Emergency Quota Act was followed with the Immigration Act of 1924, a more permanent resolution.

• Toward Immigration Restriction

  • Nativists campaigned for immigration restrictions from 1890-1920, proposing measures such as literacy tests and quotas.
  • The widespread acceptance of racist ideology and labor concerns led to a reduction in Southern and Eastern European immigrants being codified in the National Origins Formula of the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, which capped new immigrants at 3% of the number of people in that same ethnic group already in the United States.
  • This was a temporary measure and was followed by a further lowering of the immigrant quota to 2% in the Immigration Act of 1924, which also reduced the number of immigrants to 164,687.
  • It contributed to the anti-immigration movement and consequently, immigration quota legislation in the 1920s.
  • President Calvin Coolidge signs the Immigration Act of 1924 on the south lawn of the White House.

• Changing Demographics

  • The immigration laws of the United States during this time, such as the Emergency Quota Act, generally allowed exemptions for Mexico, while being more restrictive to citizens of the Eastern Hemisphere.
  • One example of these allowances was the Immigration Act of 1917, under which all potential immigrants had to pass a literacy test and pay a head tax.

• Progressivism for Whites Only

  • In 1901, the AFL lobbied Congress to reauthorize the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act.
  • The Chinese Exclusion Act was a federal law signed by Chester A.
  • As a result, the AFL intensified its opposition to all immigration from Asia and was instrumental in passing and enforcing immigration restriction bills from the 1890s to the 1920s, such as the 1921 Emergency Quota Act and the Immigration Act of 1924.

• The Immigration Act of 1965

  • The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Celler Act) changed the nation's laws regulating immigration.
  • The Act abolished the National Origins Formula, which had been in place since the Immigration Act of 1924.
  • The National Origins Formula had set immigration quotas for specific countries, effectively giving preference to Northern and Western Europe over Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa.
  • This national origins quota system was viewed as an embarrassment by, among others, President John F.
  • To convince people of the legislation's merits, the act's proponents asserted that the act would not significantly influence American culture.

• Competing Solutions

  • Also in 1932, Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, which authorized considerable funds for public works programs and direct relief programs.
  • First, in 1930, he signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act that raised U.S. tariffs.
  • Finally, the 1932 Norris-La Guardia Anti-injunction Act supported the organized labor.
  • The legislation that followed this Proclamation was the Emergency Banking Act, which enabled the government to close weak banks and reopen more stable banks.
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created government, mostly unskilled jobs.

• Launching the New Deal

  • The Emergency Banking Act followed the Proclamation and enabled the government to close weak banks and reopen more stable banks.
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created local and state government mostly unskilled jobs.
  • The National Labor Relations Act (1933; known also as the Wagner Act), which established the National Labor Relations Board (1935).
  • The Act remains a groundbreaking statute in the United States labor law.
  • The Housing Act (1937) provided funds for low-coast public housing for the poorest families.

• Banking and Finance Reform

  • On March 9, Roosevelt sent to Congress the Emergency Banking Act, drafted in large part by Hoover's top advisors.
  • The act was passed and signed into law the same day.
  • The Emergency Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, also limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms to regulate speculations.
  • Several provisions of the act sought to restrict "speculative" uses of bank credit.
  • With the passage of the Gold Reserve Act in 1934, the nominal price of gold was changed from $20.67 per troy ounce to $35.

• Economic Controls

  • It became an independent agency under the Emergency Price Control Act 1942.
  • In July 1940, the Export Control Act was passed as a measure employed to avoid scarcity of critical commodities in a likely pre-war environment and to limit the export of materials to Imperial Japan.
  • The act originated as a presidential proclamation forbidding the exporting of aircraft parts, chemicals, and minerals without a license, and was intended to induce Japan to curtail its occupation of the Indo-Chinese coast.
  • The same year, the Office of Administrator of Export Control was established to administer the provisions of the act.
  • After a set of controversies over the Board's authority and financing,  its functions were transferred to the newly created Office of Economic Warfare in the Office for Emergency Management in 1943.