Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

Examples of Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in the following topics:

• Nixon in China

  • Out of the summit came agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties: SALT I, the first comprehensive limitation pact signed by the two superpowers, and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, which banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles.

• The Cuban Missile Crisis

  • Amidst this backdrop, the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolded in 1962.
  • Then in August of 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments secretly began to build bases in Cuba for a number of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles that would have the ability to strike most of the continental United States.
  • This action followed the United States' 1958 deployment of intermediate-range ballistic missiles to Italy and Turkey in 1961, which meant that more than 100 U.S.
  • As a result, a telephone “hot line” was installed, linking Washington D.C. and Moscow to avert future crises, and in 1963, Kennedy and Khrushchev signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, prohibiting tests of nuclear weapons in Earth’s atmosphere.
  • U-2 reconnaissance photograph of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.

• The Defense Buildup and the "Evil Empire"

  • Eager to cure the United States of “Vietnam Syndrome,” he increased the American stockpile of weapons and aided anti-Communist groups in the Caribbean and Central America.
  • He revived the B-1 Lancer program that had been canceled by the Carter administration and began producing the MX missile.
  • In response to Soviet deployment of the SS-20, Reagan oversaw the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) deployment of the Pershing missile in West Germany.
  • Under a policy that came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine, Reagan and his administration provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist resistance movements in an effort to manipulate governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America away from communism and toward capitalism.
  • In March of 1983, Reagan introduced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a defense project that would use ground- and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles.

• The Eisenhower Administration

  • Despite its undemocratic nature, Spain's strategic position in light of the Cold War and Anti-Communist position led Eisenhower to build a trade and military alliance with the Spanish through the Pact of Madrid, ultimately bringing an end to Spain's isolation after World War II, and bringing about the Spanish Miracle.
  • Defense treaties with South Korea and the Republic of China were signed, and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) alliance was formed in an effort to halt the spread of Communism in Asia.
  • The "Space Race" originated from the missile-based nuclear arms race between the the U.S. and Soviet Union that occurred following World War II, as both countries sought to recruit German engineers who worked on ballistic missile programs that could be utilized to launch objects into space.
  • Democrats attacked Eisenhower for not taking a public stand against Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist campaigns.

• The George H.W. Bush Administration

  • Another summit was held in July of 1991, when the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) was signed by Bush and Gorbachev in Moscow.
  • The treaty was nine years in the making and was the first major arms agreement since the signing of the Intermediate Ranged Nuclear Forces Treaty by Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987.
  • The intention of START was to reduce the United States' and Soviet Union's strategic nuclear weapons by about 35% over seven years, as well as reduce the Soviet Union's land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles by 50%.
  • The treaty has since been defended as well as criticized.
  • With talk in early 2008 regarding a possible American withdrawal from the treaty, Carlos M.

• The Cold War's Costs and Consequences

  • On the other hand, despite termination of the Cold War, military development and spending has continued, particularly in the deployment of nuclear-armed ballistic missiles and defensive systems.
  • Because there was no formalized treaty ending the Cold War, the former superpowers have continued to various degrees—depending on their respective economies—to maintain and even improve or modify existing nuclear weapons and delivery systems.

• Nixon and Foreign Policy

  • First, the United States would keep all of its treaty commitments.
  • Public opinion favored withdrawal from Vietnam, even if it meant abandonment of its treaties and a communist takeover of South Vietnam.
  • Nixon had been a firm supporter of Kennedy in the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion and the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
  • These activities worried the Soviets and Cubans, who feared Nixon might attack Cuba, in violation of the 1962 agreement which had ended the missile crisis.
  • A minor confrontation ensued, which was concluded with an understanding that the Soviets would not use Cienfuegos for submarines bearing ballistic missiles.

• The Middle East

  • ., ruled that the U.S. had violated international law and breached treaties in Nicaragua in various ways.
  • A year into his presidency, convinced it was folly to allow the expansion of Soviet and Communist influence in Latin America, he authorized the CIA to equip and train a group of anti-Sandinista Nicaraguans known as the Contras (contrarevolucionários or “counter-revolutionaries”) to oust Ortega from power.
  • In 1985, he authorized the sale of anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles to Iran in exchange for help retrieving three of the American hostages.
  • A year later, Reagan’s National Security Council aide, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, found a way to sell weapons to Iran and secretly use the proceeds to support the Nicaraguan Contras—in direct violation of a congressional ban on military aid to the anti-Communist guerillas in that Central American nation.

• Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East

  • defense treaty called the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of 1947, or the "hemispheric defense" treaty, was the formalization of the Act of Chapultepec, adopted at the Inter-American Conference on the Problems of War and Peace in 1945 in Mexico City.
  • Relations between the U.S. and Cuba culminated in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
  • Iran in particular became a key U.S. ally, until a revolution led by the Shi'a clergy overthrew the monarchy in 1979 and established a theocratic regime that was even more anti-western than the secular regimes in Iraq or Syria.
  • In 1979, Egypt under Nasser's successor, Anwar Sadat, concluded a peace treaty with Israel, ending the prospects of a united Arab military front.
  • The second of these frameworks led directly to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.