Examples of urban open space in the following topics:
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- Urban structure can also refer to urban spatial structure; the arrangement of public and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility.
- In this context, urban structure is concerned with the arrangement of the CBD, industrial and residential areas, and open space.
- Urban open spaces provide citizens with recreational, ecological, aesthetic value.
- Urban open spaces offer a reprieve from the urban environment and can add ecological value, making citizens more aware of their natural surroundings and providing nature to promote biodiversity.
- Open spaces offer aesthetic value for citizens who enjoy nature, cultural value by providing space for concerts or art shows, and functional value—for example, by helping to control runoff and prevent flooding.
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- Contact with the hypothetical person that Georg Simmel calls "the stranger" changes the way urban dwellers think about intimacy, personal space, and casual interactions.
- Contact with the hypothetical person that Georg Simmel calls "the stranger" changes the way urban dwellers think about intimacy, personal space, and casual interactions.
- Urban anthropology is an anthropological subfield primarily concerned with urbanization, poverty, and the consequences of neoliberalism, or the contemporary political movement that advocates economic liberalization, free trade, free movement, and open markets.
- Despite the relatively recent ascent of urban sociology, sociologists have long studied the sociological implications of space.
- This second set of questions is taken up by urban planners, architects, and, in the social sciences, by individuals who study the sociology of architecture and the sociology of space.
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- Sudden and extreme relocation out of urban areas into the suburbs is one of the many causes of urban sprawl, as suburbs grow to accommodate the increasingly large population.
- Push factors are those that push people out of their original homes in urban areas into suburban areas.
- Pull factors for suburbanization at the turn of the century included more open spaces, the perception of being closer to nature, and lower suburban house prices and property taxes in comparison to cities.
- This movement is thought to have exacerbated urban decline in cities.
- As residential wealth and corporations continue to leave urban zones in favor of suburban areas, the risk of urban decline increases.
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- Urban sociology is the study of social life and interactions in urban areas, using methods ranging from statistical analysis to ethnography.
- The Chicago School of Sociology is widely credited with institutionalizing urban sociology as a disciplinary sub-field through pioneering studies of urban spaces and social interactions .
- Furthermore, unlike many other metropolitan areas, Chicago did not expand outward at the edges as predicted by early expansionist theorists, but instead reformatted the space available in a concentric ring pattern.
- Urban ecology has remained an influential theory in both urban sociology and urban anthropology over time.
- The theory is essentially an extended metaphor that helps to explain how conflicting subgroups exist in shared urban spaces and systems.
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- Urban revitalization is hailed by many as a solution to the problems of urban decline by, as the term suggests, revitalizing decaying urban areas.
- Urban revitalization is closely related to processes of urban renewal, or programs of land redevelopment in areas of moderate- to high-density urban land use.
- Urban revitalization certainly provides potential for future urban growth, though the story of successes and failures remains mixed so far.
- Urban renewal can have many positive effects.
- It can also improve cultural and social amenities, through the construction of public spaces and community centers, and can improve safety.
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- After facing economic hardship and seeing the decline of local infrastructure and resources, San Antonia created official districts with self-governing neighborhood associations, and redeveloped urban space to create neighborhood centers.
- But what causes urban decay?
- In some ways, urban decline is an inevitable result of urbanity itself.
- Economic decline tends to lead to urban decline.
- The current response to urban decay has been positive public policy and urban design using the principles of New Urbanism.
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- An example of the cultural determination of personal space is how urbanites accept the psychological discomfort of someone intruding upon their personal space more readily than someone unused to urban life.
- Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when that space is encroached.
- Permitting a person to enter personal space and entering somebody else's personal space are indicators of how the two people view their relationship.
- Moreover, individual sense of space has changed historically as the notions of boundaries between public and private spaces have evolved over time.
- However, in modern society, particularly in crowded urban communities, it is sometimes difficult to maintain personal space; for example, in a crowded train.
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- Upton Sinclair's The Jungle chronicles the dangerous living conditions endured by immigrant factory workers in the early-1900s, a period of rapid urbanization in the U.S.
- The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new, great cities, first in Europe, and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas.
- Rapid growth brought urban problems, and industrial-era cities were rife with dangers to health and safety.
- These homes often shared toilet facilities, had open sewers, and were prone to epidemics exacerbated by persistent dampness.
- In the 19th century, health conditions improved with better sanitation, but urban people, especially small children, continued to die from diseases spreading through the cramped living conditions.
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- To meet the demand, urban areas had to be "recycled," or gentrified.
- New urban residents were composed of higher, dual-income couples without children, less concerned about space for large families—one of the main draws to the suburbs for their parents.
- These policies enabled black families to move out of urban centers and into the suburbs, thus decreasing the availability of suburban land, while integrationist policies encouraged white movement into traditionally black urban areas.
- It may be the result of fluctuating relationships between capital investments and the production of urban space.
- In Williamsburg and other parts of Brooklyn, New York, artists have adopted industrial spaces as studios and galleries.
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- During the last century, global populations have urbanized rapidly:
- 13% of people lived in urban environments in the year 1900
- 29% of people lived in urban environments in the year 1950
- For example, urbanization can create urban "heat islands," which are formed when industrial and urban areas replace and reduce the amount of land covered by vegetation or open soil.
- Over time, the world's population has become less rural and more urban.