impulsive

Examples of impulsive in the following topics:

• Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

  • Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders are characterized by disturbances in behavioral and emotional self-regulation.
  • In 2013, the 5th revision to the DSM (DSM-5) added a chapter on disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders.
  • In addition to those listed above, the DSM-5 lists several other impulse-control disorders under this chapter.
  • Pyromania is characterized by impulsive and repetitive urges to deliberately start fires.
  • Kleptomania is characterized by an impulsive urge to steal purely for the sake of gratification.

• Stages of the Action Potential

  • Neural impulses occur when a stimulus depolarizes a cell membrane, prompting an action potential which sends an "all or nothing" signal.
  • Neural impulses from sensory receptors are sent to the brain and spinal cord for processing.
  • After the brain has processed the information, neural impulses are then conducted from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, which is the resulting motor output.
  • In addition, some poisons and drugs interfere with nerve impulses by blocking sodium channels in nerves.
  • Reuptake refers to the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a presynaptic (sending) neuron after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.

• Temporal Motivation Theory

  • Expectancy, or self-efficacy, is the likelihood of success; value is the reward associated with the outcome; impulsiveness is the individual's ability to withstand urges; and delay is the amount of time until the realization of the outcome (i.e., the deadline).
  • In contrast, both impulsivity and a greater amount of time before a deadline tend to reduce motivation.
  • In addition, the student just got a new video game that he has been dying to play (high value) and has a hard time resisting the urge to play (high impulsiveness).
  • Explain the relationship among expectation, value, impulsiveness, and delay according to temporal motivation theory

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

  • ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder characterized by a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning.
  • The symptoms can be difficult to define, as it is hard to draw a line between normal levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and significant levels that require intervention.
  • To be diagnosed per DSM-5, at least six out of nine symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both must be present for at least six months and to a degree that is much greater than others of the same age.
  • ADHD is more common in children of anxious or stressed parents, and so some argue that ADHD is an adaptation that helps children face a stressful or dangerous environment with, for example, increased impulsivity and exploratory behavior.

• Other Steps

  • Encoding is achieved using chemicals and electric impulses within the brain.
  • An electrical impulse crosses a synapse between neurons in the brain, releasing a neurotransmitter.
  • Dendrites, which are extensions of neurons, receive the impulse and allow the synapse to increase in strength; this is known as long-term potentiation.

• Introduction to Personality Disorders

  • differs significantly from the norms and expectations of their culture in two or more of the following areas: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control;
  • Someone diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in cognition, emotion, impulse control, and interpersonal functioning.
  • The person is impulsive, irresponsible, unruly, inconsiderate, and sometimes violent.
  • Borderline personality disorder: A pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, identity, behavior, and affect, often leading to self-harm and impulsivity.

• Arousal Theory of Motivation

  • Traits like impulsivity and sensation-seeking predispose people to engage in certain behaviors.
  • Temperament is defined as an individual's basic way of interacting and includes aspects like frustration tolerance (i.e., the ability to withstand frustrating situations without getting upset), delay of gratification, and inhibition vs. impulsivity.
  • Fulfilling the impulse brings about a physiological reward similar to the rat pressing the button.
  • Likewise, someone who is very impulsive and uninhibited might be very motivated to go buy a car on a moment's notice, as compared with someone who is very inhibited and has difficulty taking action.

• Perceiving Depth, Distance, and Size

  • Visual stimuli enter as light through the photoreceptors in the retina, where they are changed into neural impulses.
  • These impulses travel through the central nervous system, stop at the sensory way-station of the thalamus, and then are routed to the visual cortex.

• Perceiving Motion

  • The phi phenomenon is an illusion involving a regular sequence of luminous impulses.
  • Due to first-order motion perception, the luminous impulses are seen as a continual movement.

• Neural Networks

  • These networks consist of a series of interconnected neurons whose activation sends a signal or impulse across the body.
  • The basic kinds of connections between neurons are chemical synapses and electrical gap junctions, through which either chemical or electrical impulses are communicated between neurons.
  • Neurons interact with other neurons by sending a signal, or impulse, along their axon and across a synapse to the dendrites of a neighboring neuron.