Examples of Telephone Polling in the following topics:
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- Internet and telephone polls are very useful as they are much cheaper than most other polls and are able to reach a wide population.
- Web polls are faster, simpler, and cheaper than many other polling methods.
- An important aspect of telephone polling is the use of interviewers.
- However, there are some disadvantages to telephone polling.
- There are three main types of telephone polling: traditional telephone interviews, computer assisted telephone dialing, and computer assisted telephone interviewing ( CATI ).
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- Another way to reduce the margin of error is to rely on poll averages.
- This method is based on the assumption that the procedure and sample size is similar enough between many different polls to justify creating a polling average.
- Since some people do not answer calls from strangers or refuse to answer the poll, poll samples may not be representative samples from a population due to a non-response bias.
- For example, telephone sampling has a built-in error because in many times and places, those with telephones have generally been richer than those without.
- For example, some households have multiple phone numbers making them more likely to be selected in a telephone survey than households with only one phone number.
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- An opinion poll is a survey of public opinion from a particular sample, and is designed to represent the opinions of a population.
- An opinion poll, sometimes simply referred to as a "poll," is a survey of public opinion from a particular sample .
- Can be administered remotely via the Web, mail, e-mail, telephone, etc.
- For example, polls or surveys that are conducted by calling a random sample of publicly available telephone numbers will not include the responses of people with unlisted telephone numbers, cell phone numbers, who are unable to answer the phone, and who do not answer calls from unknown/unfamiliar telephone numbers.
- The following ways have been recommended for reducing non-response in telephone and face-to-face surveys:
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- A benchmark poll is generally the first poll taken in a campaign.
- Brushfire polls are polls taken during the period between the benchmark and tracking polls.
- An entrance poll is a poll that is taken before voters cast their votes.
- Like all opinion polls, exit polls by nature do include a margin of error.
- A straw poll or straw vote is a poll with nonbinding results.
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- The first known example of an opinion poll was an 1824 local straw poll by The Harrisburg Pennsylvanian for the Jackson Adams race.
- The first known example of an opinion poll was a local straw poll conducted by The Harrisburg Pennsylvanian in 1824, showing Andrew Jackson leading John Quincy Adams by 335 votes to 169 in the contest for the United States Presidency.
- The Literary Digest soon went out of business, while polling started to take off.
- Elmo Roper was another American pioneer in political forecasting using scientific polls.
- By the 1950s, various types of polling had spread to most democracies.
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- Gallup Inc. was founded in 1958, when George Gallup grouped all of his polling operations into one organization.
- Gallup currently has four divisions: Gallup Poll, Gallup Consulting, Gallup University, and Gallup Press.
- In 1958 the modern Gallup Organization was formed from a merger of several polling organizations.
- The Gallup Poll is the division of Gallup that regularly conducts public opinion polls in more than 140 countries around the world.
- For the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Gallup was rated 17th out of 23 polling organizations in terms of the precision of its pre-election polls relative to the final results.
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- The importance of accuracy may be illustrated through the example of the Literary Digest Roosevelt-Landon presidential election poll.
- In 1936, the Digest conducted their presidential poll with 2.3 million voters, a huge sample size.
- However, the sample turned out to be an inaccurate representation of the general population as those polled were generally more affluent Americans who tended to have Republican sympathies.
- At the same time, George Gallup conducted a far smaller, but more scientifically based survey, in which he polled a more demographically representative sample.
- Relevance of the survey information, quality of the data, and overcoming personal bias are integral to polling accuracy.
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- Steps to conduct a poll effectively including identifying a sample, evaluating poll questions, and selecting a question and response mode.
- Generally, in order to conduct a poll, the survey methodologist must do the following :
- Usually, a poll consists of a number of questions that the respondent answers in a set format.
- When properly constructed and responsibly administered, questionnaires become a vital instrument for polling a population.
- Adequate questionnaire construction is critical to the success of a poll.
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- The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
- President Johnson called the amendment a "triumph of liberty over restriction" and "a verification of people's rights. " States that maintained the poll tax were more reserved.
- Mississippi's Attorney General, Joe Patterson, complained about the complexity of two sets of voters - those who paid their poll tax and could vote in all elections, and those who had not and could only vote in federal elections
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
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- Assuming that low turnout is a reflection of disenchantment, a poll with very low turnout may be an inaccurate reflection of the electorate.
- Assuming that low turnout is a reflection of disenchantment or indifference, a poll with very low turnout may not be an accurate reflection of the will of the people .
- Voters lining up outside a Baghdad polling station during the 2005 Iraqi election.