Examples of monetary policy in the following topics:
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- Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money.
- Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability.
- Monetary theory provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy.
- Monetary policy differs from fiscal policy, which refers to taxation, government spending, and associated borrowing.
- The primary tool of monetary policy is open market operations.
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- Monetary theory provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy.
- Monetary policy differs from fiscal policy.
- Since the 1970's, monetary policy has generally been formed separately from fiscal policy.
- The primary tool of monetary policy is open market operations.
- Recognize the importance of monetary policy for addressing common economic problems
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- The Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy—maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates—in the Federal Reserve Act.
- Its duties have expanded over the years, and today, according to official Federal Reserve documentation, include conducting the nation's monetary policy, bank regulation, maintaining the stability of the financial system and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions.
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- The Federal Reserve is the central banking system of the United States, which conducts the nation's monetary policy, supervises and regulates banking institutions, maintains the stability of the financial system, and provides financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions.
- The Office of the United States Trade Representative is the government agency responsible for developing and recommending U.S. trade policy to the President, conducting trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade policy within the government through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) and Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG).
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- Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field.
- These typically used fiscal and monetary policy to adjust inflation, output and unemployment.
- This makes policy non-credible and ultimately ineffective.
- Another type of non-discretionary policy is a set of policies which are imposed by an international body.
- This can occur (for example) as a result of intervention by the International Monetary Fund.
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- As part of foreign policy, states can use money and monetary policies to either help or penalize other states.
- Aid is seldom given from motives of pure altruism; instead, it is often used as a tool of foreign policy.
- Sanctions can arise from an unresolved trade or policy dispute, such as a disagreement about the fairness of a policy affecting international trade.
- Economic sanctions also can be a coercive foreign policy measure used to achieve particular policy goals related to trade, governance, or humanitarian violations.
- Analyze criticisms of the institutions, practices and policies of economic aid
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- The international monetary structure involves international institutions, regional trading blocs, private players, and national governments.
- Certain regional institutions also play a role in the structure of the international monetary system.
- The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states.
- This is consistent with the IMF's function change during the 1970s after a change in President Nixon's policies (when the Nixon Shock ended the Bretton Woods gold standard).
- Explain the role played by the United States over the history of the international monetary structure
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- In part, this foreign policy shift sprung from Euro-American relations and public fear.
- This policy shift, driven by the President, came in two phases.
- This policy was quickly dubbed ‘Cash and Carry.'
- After WWII, the US's foreign policy was characterized by interventionism.
- For example, immediately after the end of the war, the US supplied Europe with monetary aid in hopes of combating the influence of communism in a vulnerable, war-weakened Europe.
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- U.S. foreign policy is characterized by a commitment to free trade and open borders to promote and strengthen national interests.
- This system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states, and was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states.
- The agreement set up rules and institutions to regulate the international political economy, resulting in the creation of organizations such as the the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (later divided into the World Bank and Bank for International Settlements).
- In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge.
- Globalization has been criticized in recent decades for the unequal power dynamics of international trade, and the policies that are used to exploit developing countries for the profit of the developed Western world.
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- Government policies throughout the twentieth century were aimed at meeting the unique needs of elderly Americans.
- The law attempts to address company policies that force elderly employees out of work once they become eligible for government retirement benefits or due to prejudice against the elderly.
- A large component of non-monetary compensation is retirement funding and similar benefits.