international organization

Examples of international organization in the following topics:

• World War I and the League of Nations

  • The League of Nations was created as an international organization after WWI.
  • The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Talks that ended the First World War.
  • The League was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
  • Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.
  • The United Nations (UN) replaced it after the end of the war and inherited a number of agencies and organizations founded by the League.

• The United Nations

  • The United Nations is the most important and influential international, intergovernmental organization.
  • The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental, international organization consisting of all 193 states in the world, whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achievement of world peace.
  • It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.
  • The United Nations was established to replace the flawed League of Nations, in order to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems.
  • The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the UN.

• Collective Military Force

  • Collective security is achieved by setting up an international cooperative organization, under the auspices of international law.
  • This gives rise to a form of international collective governance, albeit limited in scope and effectiveness.
  • The collective security organization then becomes an arena for diplomacy.
  • Collective defense is an arrangement, usually formalized by a treaty and an organization, among participant states that commit support in defense of a member state if it is attacked by another state outside the organization .
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the best known collective defense organization .

• Trade

  • The agreement set up rules and institutions to regulate the international political economy, resulting in the creation of organizations such as the the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (later divided into the World Bank and Bank for International Settlements).
  • These organizations became operational in 1946 after enough countries ratified the agreement.
  • The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization that was formed in 1995 to supervise and liberalize international trade .
  • The WTO, succeeding GATT in 1995, is an organization that seeks to liberalize international trade.
  • Discuss the historical institutional arrangements that created the current framework of international trade and criticisms of it

• A Typical Department Structure

  • In the Department of Justice, the Attorney General is the equivalent of the secretary, the deputy attorney general ranks second in charge, and an array of internally administered offices are lower on the hierarchy.
  • Nonetheless, each department is organized with a similar hierarchical structure.
  • Below the level of deputy secretary, departmental organization varies.
  • Departmental staffs are not appointed by the president, but instead are hired by internal supervisors (such as under secretaries).
  • The Department of Justice is typical of all executive departments in its hierarchical organization.

• The Executive Departments

  • The executive departments are administrative organs in the executive branch of the federal government.
  • The Secretary of State is responsible for overseeing international diplomacy.
  • The executive departments of the United States federal government are executive organs that serve under direct presidential control and act in an advisory capacity to the president.
  • Executive departments are internally led by secretaries, who are also members of the president's Cabinet.

• Terrorism

  • The threat of terrorism is one of the greatest challenges facing the United States and the international community.
  • The threat of terrorism is one of the greatest challenges facing the United States and the international community.
  • Islamic terrorist organizations have been known to engage in tactics including suicide attacks, hijackings, kidnappings, and recruiting new members through the Internet.
  • Well-known Islamic terrorist organizations include Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Hezbollah, and Islamic Jihad.
  • These attacks marked the beginning of the "War on Terror," an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom (with the support of NATO and non-NATO allies) against Al-Qaeda and other associated militant organizations with the stated goal of eliminating them.

• The International Monetary Structure

  • The international monetary structure involves international institutions, regional trading blocs, private players, and national governments.
  • Certain regional institutions also play a role in the structure of the international monetary system.
  • Notice the global reach of organizations like the WTO.
  • NAFTA is also an example of the U.S.' s disproportionate power in determining the direction of the international monetary structure.
  • Explain the role played by the United States over the history of the international monetary structure

• The Bureaucracy

  • Prominent bureaucratic organizations shaping U.S. foreign policy include the State Department, the Defense Department, and the CIA.
  • There are several bureaucratic organizations that are actively involved in shaping U.S. foreign policy.
  • The United States Department of State (DoS), often referred to as the State Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for the international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries.
  • Coordinating and providing support for international activities of other U.S. agencies (local, state, or federal government), official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts.
  • Often, when such field operations are organized, the U.S. military or other warfare tacticians carry these tactical operations out on behalf of the agency while the CIA oversees them.

• Environmental Policy

  • Additionally, many individuals and organizations are involved as stakeholders in the process of making and implementing environmental policy.
  • These include various members of the executive and legislative branches of government, state and municipal governments, as well as civil servants, external interests groups, and international governments and residents.
  • Finally, because the U.S. has to share the Earth with all of the other countries, U.S. environmental policy is always international policy as well.
  • For example, when the U.S. pulled out of its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol there was a great deal of international criticism.