Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Examples of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the following topics:

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the barbarism of World War II.
  • A universal declaration that specified the rights of individuals was necessary to give effect to the Charter's provisions on human rights.
  • For this reason, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a fundamental constitutive document of the United Nations.
  • Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish language version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • Understand the purpose and legal effect of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• A Brief Definition

  • The right to collectively bargain is recognized through international human rights conventions.
  • Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights identifies the ability to organize trade unions as a fundamental human right.
  • Item 2(a) of the International Labour Organization's Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work defines the "freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining" as an essential right of workers.
  • Different economic theories provide a number of models intended to explain some aspects of collective bargaining:
  • Define the monopoly union model, the right-to-manage model, and the efficient bargaining model as theories of collective bargaining

• Privacy Rights and Sexuality

  • Hodges, the court said a fundamental right to marry is guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, therefore the laws banning such marriages in 14 states were unconstitutional.
  • The right to sexuality incorporates the right to express one's sexuality, and to be free from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation.
  • It specifically refers to the protection of the rights of people of diverse sexual orientations, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people (although it is equally applicable to heterosexuality).
  • The right to sexuality, and to freedom from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, is based on the universality of human rights belonging to every person by virtue of being human.
  • The right to sexuality does not exist explicitly in international human rights law; rather, it is found in a number of international human rights instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

• The Rights of the Accused

  • The rights of the accused, include the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote.
  • First-generation human rights, often called "blue" rights, deal essentially with liberty and participation in political life.
  • Civil and political rights form the original and main part of international human rights.
  • They comprise the first portion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with economic, social and cultural rights comprising the second portion).
  • The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.

• Women as a Minority

  • They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls in favor of men and boys.
  • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, advocates "the equal rights of men and women," and addresses issues of equality.
  • In 1979, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) for legal implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
  • Described as an international bill of rights for women, it went into effect on September 3, 1981.
  • Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, or any other field.

• The Declaration of the Rights of Man

  • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (August 1791) is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.
  • Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, these rights are held to be universal and valid in all times and places.
  • It also called for freedom and equal rights for all human beings (referred to as "Men") and access to public office based on talent.
  • The Declaration, together with the American Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights, inspired in large part the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  • Identify the main points in the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

• International Humanitarian Policies and Foreign Aid

  • Humanitarian policies are ostensibly intended to help other countries, and include human rights policies, aid, and interventions.
  • In its most general form, humanitarianism is an ethic of kindness, benevolence, and sympathy extended universally and impartially to all human beings.
  • For example, human rights and human rights laws seek to protect essential rights and fight for justice if these rights are violated.
  • Humanitarian intervention is a state's use of "military force against another state when the chief publicly declared aim of that military action is ending human-rights violations being perpetrated by the state against which it is directed. "
  • The United States' record on human rights is mixed.

• Abolitionism and the Women's Rights Movement

  • Two of the most influential were the anti-slavery or abolitionist movement, and the women's rights movement.
  • The delegates argued for an end to slavery based on the often brutal conditions of slavery, as well as the ways in which slavery violated christian principals and basic human right to equality.
  • The convention brought together 300 people, men and women, and produced a strong Declaration of Sentiments advocating for women's equality including the right to vote.
  • A more progressive and radical strain of abolition maintained that rights and moral standing were universal, and that whether people were of African or European decent, men or women they were all due to equal treatment and rights.
  • One of the most notable was New York State granting property rights to married women.

• Education and Liberty in the Developing World

  • A lack of access to education is one of the primary limits on human development.
  • International development is a concept that lacks a universally accepted definition, but it is most used in a holistic and multi-disciplinary context of human development–the development of greater quality of life for humans.
  • In 2000, the United Nations signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration, which includes eight Millennium Development Goals to be achieved by 2015 or 2020.
  • A lack of access to education is one of the primary limits on human development and is closely related to every one of the other sectors.
  • Mass schooling has implanted the fundamental concepts that everyone has a right to be educated regardless of his/her cultural background and gender differences.

• John Locke

  • His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.
  • He found the works of modern philosophers, such as René Descartes, more interesting than the classical material taught at the university.
  • Unlike Hobbes, Locke believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance.
  • These ideas would come to have profound influence on the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.
  • He defines the state of nature as a condition, in which humans are rational and follow natural law and in which all men are born equal with the right to life, liberty and property.