Examples of taste bud in the following topics:
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- Taste buds contain the receptors for taste and are located around the small structures (papillae) on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, and epiglottis.
- Via small openings in the tongue epithelium (taste pores), parts of the food dissolved in saliva come into contact with taste receptors (taste buds).
- On average, the human tongue has 2,000–8,000 taste buds.
- The average life of a taste bud is 10 days.
- Structure of the taste bud, including afferent nerve, connective tissue, basal cell, taste receptor cell, lingual epithelium, oral cavity, and taste pore.
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- During taste, sensory neurons in our taste buds detect chemical qualities of our foods including sweetness, bitterness, sourness, saltiness, and umami (savory taste).
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- Loss of taste, which can be caused by local damage and inflammation that interferes with the taste buds stemming from radiation therapy, tobacco use, and denture use.
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- The sense of taste is often confused with the concept of flavor,
which is a combination of taste and smell perception.
- Flavor depends on odor,
texture, and temperature as well as on taste.
- Humans receive tastes through sensory
organs called taste buds, or gustatory calyculi, concentrated on the upper
surface of the tongue.
- Five basic tastes exist: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami.
- The inability to taste is called ageusia.
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- The basic sensory modalities include: light, sound, taste, temperature,
pressure,
and smell.
- Taste
stimuli are encountered by receptor cells located in taste buds
on the tongue and pharynx.
- Receptor cells disseminate onto different neurons and convey
the message of a particular taste in a single medullar nucleus.
- Taste perception
is created by combining multiple sensory inputs.
- Different modalities help
determine the perception of taste.
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- Figure 1 shows the right and left lung buds from which the bronchi and lungs will develop.
- Lung buds from a human embryo of about four weeks, showing commencing lobulations.
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- It controls muscles in the oral cavity
and upper throat, as well as part of the sense of taste and the production of
saliva.
- Along with taste, the glossopharyngeal nerve relays general sensations
from the pharyngeal walls.
- It receives special sensory fibers (taste) from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
- Special sensory (special afferent): Provides taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
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- Blood vessels forming the periosteal bud invade the cavity left by the chondrocytes and branch in opposite directions along the length of the shaft.
- Osteoblasts, differentiated from the osteoprogenitor cells that entered the cavity via the periosteal bud, use the calcified matrix as a scaffold and begin to secrete osteoid, which forms the bone trabecula.
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- Sensory areas of the brain receive
and process sensory information, including sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing.
- The five commonly recognized sensory modalities, including sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, are processed as follows:
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- The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) determines facial expressions and the taste sensations of the tongue.
- It also functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity, and it supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to several head and neck ganglia.
- Taste can be tested on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.