Examples of red marrow in the following topics:
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- Located in long bones are two distinctions of bone marrow: yellow and red.
- The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity.
- In times of starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy.
- The red marrow of some bones is an important site for hematopoeisis or blood cell production that replaces cells that have been destroyed by the liver.
- Here, all erythrocytes, platelets, and most leukocytes form in bone marrow from where they migrate to the circulation.
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- Erythrocytes are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones at a rate of about 2 million cells per second in a healthy adult.
- Erythrocytes differentiate from erythrotropietic bone marrow cells, a type of hemopoietic stem cell found in bone marrow.
- Unlike mature RBCs, bone marrow cells contain a nucleus.
- Shown on the left, the erythrocyte, or red blood cell, has a round, donut-like shape.
- Outline the life cycle of erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs)
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- Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red cells in the human body.
- Reticulocytes develop and mature in the red bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into mature red blood cells.
- Like mature red blood cells, reticulocytes do not have a cell nucleus.
- Calculating the reticulocyte production index indicates whether or not the bone marrow is producing new blood cells at a rate that will correct the anemia, and can also be used to monitor the progress of treatment for anemia.
- When there is an increased production of red blood cells to overcome chronic or severe loss of mature red blood cells, such as in a hemolytic anemia, people often have a markedly high number and percentage of reticulocytes.
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- In patients with suspected peripheral blood or bone marrow diseases, a bone marrow biopsy can isolate bone marrow for an examination.
- Bone marrow examination is the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration.
- The bone marrow produces the cellular elements of the blood, including platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
- Once the needle is in the marrow cavity, a syringe is attached and used to aspirate ("suck out") liquid bone marrow.
- Any worsening pain, redness, fever, bleeding, or swelling may suggest a complication.
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- Children with acute leukemia may be candidates for bone marrow transplants.
- She later provided bone marrow for a transplant for her older sister.
- In myeloid or myelogenous leukemia, the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form red blood cells, some other types of white cells, and platelets.
- Finally, the red blood cell deficiency leads to anemia, which may cause dyspnea and pallor.
- In some cases, a bone marrow transplant is useful.
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- Haematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cellular components, including both white and red blood cells.
- All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells located within the bone marrow.
- When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism.
- In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia.
- During fetal development, the liver functions as the main haematopoetic organ since bones and marrow develop later.
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- Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow and have the unique ability to differentiate into all mature blood cell types.
- Erythrocytes are oxygen-carrying red blood cells derived from common myeloid progenitors.
- When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism.
- In children, hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones, such as the femur and tibia.
- Red and white blood cell production is regulated with great precision in healthy humans, and the production of granulocytes is rapidly increased during infection.
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- This crisis is triggered by parvovirus B19, which directly affects erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) by invading the red cell precursors and multiplying in them and destroying them.
- The red blood cells break down at a faster rate.
- In HbSS, the full blood count reveals hemoglobin levels in the range of 6–8 g/dL with a high reticulocyte count (as the bone marrow compensates for the destruction of sickle cells by producing more red blood cells).
- This scanning electron micrograph shows red blood cells.
- Figure A shows normal red blood cells flowing freely in a blood vessel.
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- T cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and undergo positive and negative selection in the thymus to mature.
- T cells are produced in the bone marrow but travel to the thymus to mature.
- All T cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, which are capable of differentiating into any type of white blood cell.
- Scanning electron micrograph of T lymphocyte (right), a platelet (center), and a red blood cell (left).
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- Hemopoetic growth factors regulate the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of progenitor cells in the blood and bone marrow.
- Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) is very effective in treating the diminished red blood cell production that accompanies end-stage kidney disease.
- CSFs and thrombopoietin also improve the outcome of patients who receive bone marrow transplants.
- Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the liver and the kidney that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow.
- GCSF is a glycoprotein growth factor that stimulates the bone marrow and is used therapeutically in certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery from neutropenia after chemotherapy.