peritoneal dialysis

Examples of peritoneal dialysis in the following topics:

• Peritonitis

  • Fecal peritonitis results from the presence of feces in the peritoneal cavity.
  • Examples include trauma, surgical wound, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy.
  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a peculiar form of peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination.
  • Intra-peritoneal dialysis predisposes a patient to peritoneal infection.
  • If untreated, generalized peritonitis is almost always fatal.

• Dialysis

  • Dialysis is a process of removing waste and excess water from the blood to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function.
  • In some cases of acute kidney failure, dialysis may only be needed for a short time until the kidneys get better.
  • In medicine, dialysis is a process of removing waste and excess water from the blood.
  • She was the first-ever patient successfully treated with dialysis.
  • The two main types of dialysis, hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis, remove wastes and excess water from the blood in different ways.

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • Eventually, the kidneys may fail completely so that a person with the disease needs hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant to survive.

• The Peritoneum

  • In one form of dialysis, called peritoneal dialysis, a glucose solution is sent through a tube into the peritoneal cavity.
  • This form of dialysis is effective because of the the high number of arteries and veins in the peritoneal cavity which, through the mechanism of diffusion, remove waste products from the blood.
  • The potential space between these two layers is the peritoneal cavity.
  • This space between the two layers is technically outside of the peritoneal sac, and thus not in the peritoneal cavity.

• Appendicitis

  • Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix generally requiring surgical removal since if it ruptures, it can lead to peritonitis.
  • Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading to peritonitis and shock.
  • The end result of this cascade is appendiceal rupture (a 'burst appendix') causing peritonitis, which may lead to septicemia and death.
  • Most appendicitis patients recover easily with surgical treatment, but complications can occur if treatment is delayed or if peritonitis occurs.
  • The real possibility of life-threatening peritonitis is the reason why acute appendicitis warrants speedy evaluation and treatment.

• Serous Membranes

  • The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs), and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body.
  • The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs) , and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body .
  • Describe the function of the serous membranes in the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities

• Peptic Ulcer Disease

  • Rarely, an ulcer can lead to a gastric or duodenal perforation, which leads to acute peritonitis.
  • If a peptic ulcer perforates, air will leak from the inside of the gastrointestinal tract (which always contains some air) to the peritoneal cavity (which normally never contains air).
  • This leads to "free gas" within the peritoneal cavity.
  • Therefore, gas in the peritoneal cavity, shown on an erect chest x-ray or supine lateral abdominal x-ray, is an omen of perforated peptic ulcer disease.

• Medical Uses of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

  • Besides those on dialysis, erythropoietin is used most commonly to treat anemia in people with chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis (those in stage 3 or 4 CKD) and those living with a kidney transplant.

• Parathyroid Gland Disorders

  • Another related condition is called secondary hyperparathyroidism, or secondary HPT - common in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.
  • Cinacalcet (Sensipar) is a medicine that can help treat such dialysis patients and is available by prescription only.
  • Most experts believe that Sensipar should not be used for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (patients that have a high calcium and are not on kidney dialysis).

• Renal Disease and Failure

  • Before dialysis or kidney transplants were widely available treatments, patients with kidney failure had progressive uremic poisoning.
  • These days, most patients have some early symptoms of uremia as their kidney function declines, but prompt dialysis treatments or transplantation avoids most symptoms.
  • An underlying cause must be identified and treated to arrest the progress, and dialysis may be necessary to bridge the time gap required for treating these fundamental causes.