Müllerian ducts

Examples of Müllerian ducts in the following topics:

• Embryological and Fetal Events

  • These embryonic structures are the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts, also known as mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts, respectively.
  • The Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female.
  • Shortly after the formation of the Wolffian ducts a second pair of ducts is developed; these are the Müllerian ducts.
  • In the male the Müllerian ducts atrophy, but in the female the Müllerian ducts persist and undergo further development.
  • The hymen represents the remains of the Müllerian eminence.

• Uterus

  • Two Müllerian ducts usually form initially in a female fetus and, in humans, they completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species.

• Lymph Trunks and Ducts

  • The lymph trunks drain into the lymph ducts, which in turn return lymph to the blood by emptying into the respective subclavian veins.
  • Lymphatic trunks then drain lymph fluid into the lymph ducts, which are the final part of the lymphatic system.
  • There are two lymph ducts that recieve lymph from the lymph trunks.
  • The thoracic duct drains into to the left subclavian vein while the right duct drains into the right subclavian vein, both at the junction between that vein and the jugular vein.
  • The lymph ducts each have internal valves at their junction with the subclavian vein that function similarly to other lymphatic valves and prevent venous blood from flowing into the lymph duct.

• Associated Organs

  • These eventually drain into the right and left hepatic ducts, which in turn merge to form the common hepatic duct.
  • The cystic duct, from the gallbladder, joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.
  • The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum together.
  • The gallbladder is connected to the main bile duct through the cystic duct, which in turn connects to the duodenum.
  • The liver and gallbladder are connected via the cystic duct, the liver and pancreas are connected via the pancreatic duct, and all three enter the duodenum at the common bile duct,

• Testes Ducts

  • Testes ducts, which include the seminiferous tubules and vas deferens, are involved in the creation or transportation of sperm.
  • The efferent ducts connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis.
  • In humans and other large mammals, there are approximately 15-20 efferent ducts which also occupy nearly one-third of the head of the epididymis.
  • There are two ducts connecting the left and right epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in order to move sperm.
  • A modern procedure that does not include cutting the ducts involves injecting an obstructive material into the ductus to block the flow of sperm.

• Mammary Glands

  • These alveoli join up to form groups known as lobules, and each lobule has a lactiferous duct that drains into openings in the nipple.
  • They exist in both sexes during embryonic stage, forming only a rudimentary duct tree at birth.
  • A mature duct tree reaching the limit of the fat pad of the mammary gland comes into being by bifurcation of duct terminal end buds, secondary branches sprouting from primary ducts and proper duct lumen formation.
  • However, a functional lactiferous duct tree can be formed again when a female is pregnant again.
  • Milk duct 7.

• Development of Hearing and Balance

  • The utricular division of the auditory vesicle also responds to angular acceleration, as well as the endolymphatic sac and duct that connect the saccule and utricle.
  • The vestibular wall will separate the cochlear duct from the perilymphatic scala vestibuli, a cavity inside the cochlea.
  • The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth.
  • The lateral wall of the cochlear duct is formed by the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis, which produces the endolymph.
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the organ of Corti.

• Pancreatic Juice

  • Pancreatic secretion consists of an aqueous bicarbonate component from the duct cells and enzymatic component from the acinar cells.
  • A variety of factors cause a high pressure within pancreatic ducts.
  • Pancreatic duct rupture and pancreatic juice leakage cause pancreatic self-digestion.
  • Schematic diagram showing pancreatic acini and ducts where fluid is created and released.

• Accessory Sex Glands

  • The excretory duct of the seminal gland opens into the vas deferens as it enters the prostate gland.
  • Acidic ejaculate (pH <7.2) may be associated with ejaculatory duct obstruction.
  • Each lobule opens into a duct that joins with the ducts of other lobules to form a single excretory duct.
  • This duct is approximately 2.5 cm long and opens into the urethra at the base of the penis.
  • Prostate with seminal vesicles and seminal ducts, viewed from the front and above.

• Excretion and Absorption

  • NaCl is reabsorbed in the duct to reduce salt loss.
  • Eccrine glands are composed of an intreaepidermal spiral duct called the "acrosyringium"; a dermal duct, comprising a straight and coiled portion; and a secretory tubule, coiled deep in the dermis or hypodermis.
  • The apocrine gland comprises a glomerulus of secretory tubules and an excretory duct that opens into a hair follicle; on occasion, an excretory duct opens to the skin surface next to the hair.
  • Unlike eccrine secretory tubules, secretory tubules of the apocrine gland are single-layered (lacking ductal cells), vary in diameter from place to place, and sometimes branch off into multiple ducts.
  • Here, the sebum traverses ducts that terminate in sweat pores on the surface of the skin.