luteal phase

Examples of luteal phase in the following topics:

• Ovarian Cycle

  • The menstrual cycle is the scientific term for the physiological changes that occur in fertile women for the purpose of sexual reproduction.The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system and commonly divided into three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.
  • The luteal phase (or secretory phase) is the latter part of the menstrual or estrous cycle.
  • The main hormone associated with this stage is progesterone, which is significantly higher during the luteal phase than in other phases of the cycle.
  • Some sources define the end of the luteal phase as a distinct ischemic phase.
  • Continued drops in estrogen and progesterone levels trigger the end of the luteal phase, menstruation, and the beginning of the next cycle.

• Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

  • The menstrual cycle is divided into three stages: follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.
  • This also causes endometrial cells to produce receptors for progesterone, which helps prime the endometrium to the late proliferative phase and the luteal phase.
  • The luteal phase begins with the formation of the corpus luteum stimulated by FSH and LH and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis.
  • The main hormone associated with this stage is progesterone, which is produced by the growing corpus luteum and is significantly higher during the luteal phase than other phases of the cycle.
  • The death of the corpus luteum results in falling levels of progesterone and estrogen, which triggers the end of the luteal phase.

• Periodic Abstinence

  • The Knaus–Ogino method, or rhythm-method, works by using the the estimated length of the pre-ovulatory infertile phase, nineteen (19), subtracted from the length of the woman's shortest cycle.
  • To find the estimated start of the post-ovulatory infertile phase, ten (10) is subtracted from the length of the woman's longest cycle.
  • The postovulatory (luteal) phase has a normal length of 12 to 16 days, and the rhythm method formula assumes that all women have luteal phase lengths within this range.
  • However, many women have shorter luteal phases, and a few have longer luteal phases.
  • If she has an unusually early ovulation, calendar-based methods will indicate she is still in the pre-ovulatory infertile phase when she has actually become fertile.

• Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

  • While most women of child-bearing age (up to 85%) report having experienced physical symptoms related to normal ovulatory function, such as bloating or breast tenderness, medical definitions of PMS are limited to a consistent pattern of emotional and physical symptoms occurring only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that are of sufficient severity to interfere with some aspects of life.
  • It is a diagnosis associated primarily with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
  • Up to one-third of women diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) report residual symptoms into the first two or three days of the follicular phase.
  • Symptoms begin in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (after ovulation) and end shortly after menstruation begins.

• Gastric Phase

  • The gastric phase is a period in which swallowed food activates gastric activity in the stomach.
  • The gastric phase is a period in which swallowed food and semidigested protein (peptides and amino acids) activate gastric activity.
  • About two-thirds of gastric secretion occurs during this phase .
  • Below pH of two, stomach acid inhibits the parietal cells and G cells: a negative feedback loop that winds down the gastric phase as the need for pepsin and HCl declines.
  • During the gastric phase, gastrin is secreted.

• Cephalic Phase

  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach via neurological signals.
  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach, especially while it is being eaten.
  • Neurogenic signals that initiate the cephalic phase of gastric secretion originate from the cerebral cortex, and in the appetite centers of the amygdala and hypothalamus.
  • This phase of secretion normally accounts for about 20 percent of the gastric secretion associated with eating a meal.
  • Cephalic phase causes ECL cells to secrete histamine and increase HCl acid in the stomach.

• Intestinal Phase

  • The intestinal phase occurs in the duodenum, responds to arriving chyme, and moderates gastric activity via hormones and nervous reflexes.
  • The intestinal phase is the stage of digestion in which the duodenum responds to arriving chyme and moderates gastric activity through hormones and nervous reflexes.
  • The intestinal phase of digestion occurs in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine.

• Onset of Labor

  • Prodromal labor, which includes the latent phase of labor, marks the initial stages of parturition.
  • The latent phase is generally defined as beginning at the point at which the woman perceives regular uterine contractions.
  • Cervical effacement (the thinning and stretching of the cervix and cervical dilation) occurs during the closing weeks of pregnancy and is usually complete, or near complete, by the end of the latent phase.
  • The latent phase ends with the onset of the active phase, which is marked by an accelerated cervical dilation.

• Steps of Tissue Repair

  • The wound healing process can be characterized by four overlapping phases:
  • Upon wounding, the first phase of the wound response is concerned with maintaining homoeostasis within the body.
  • This phase is very quick.
  • The proliferative phase can itself be divided into four phases; in the case of shallow wounds the first two steps may not occur:
  • The phases of wound healing during an inflammatory response to infection.

• Hair