Examples of humoral immunity in the following topics:
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- The humoral immune response is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies.
- The humoral immune response (HIR) is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies produced by B cells.
- Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the humours, or body fluids.
- There are two types of humoral immunity, active and passive humoral immunity.
- Active humoral immunity refers to any form of immunity that occurs as a result of the formation of an adaptive immune response from the body's own immune system.
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- There are two subdivisions of the adaptive immune system: cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.
- Humoral immunity refers to the component of the adaptive immune response that is caused by B cells, antibodies, and type 2 helper T cells (Th2), as well as circulating mast cells and eosinophils to a lesser extent.
- Its name comes from the idea that blood is one of the humors of the body, since antibodies provide passive or active immunity through circulation in the bloodstream.
- Type 2 helper T cells are included in the humoral immune system because they present antigens to immature B-cells, which undergo proliferation to become specific to the presented antigen.
- Antibodies provide a number of functions in humoral immunity.
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- Lymphocytes are vital for normal immune system function.
- T and B lymphocytes are the main forces of adaptive immunity, which includes cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
- T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity.
- B cells are part of the humoral component of adaptive immunity.
- List the types of lymphocytes in the vertebrate immune system and their roles in innate or humoral immunity
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- Immunodeficiency is a state where the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is impaired or absent.
- Immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or absent entirely.
- As an anti-rejection protocol, transplant patients take medications to suppress their immune system, as do some patients suffering from an over-active immune system.
- Humoral immune deficiency (with signs or symptoms depending on the cause) generally includes signs of hypogammaglobulinemia (decrease of one or more types of antibodies) with presentations including repeated mild respiratory infections, and/or agammaglobulinemia (lack of all or most antibody production) resulting in frequent severe infections and is often fatal.
- T-cell deficiency is often caused secondary disorders such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
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- Transplant or graft rejection occurs when a transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system.
- Transplant (or graft) rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
- Rejection is an adaptive immune response via cellular immunity (mediated by killer T cells inducing apoptosis of target cells) as well as humoral immunity (mediated by activated B cells secreting antibody molecules), though the action is joined by components of innate immune response (phagocytes and soluble immune proteins).
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- Early on in life, the immune system is not mature enough to fight off pathogens and must depend on antibodies from its mother.
- Although the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired.
- Maternal factors also play a role in the body's immune response.
- Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization.
- By 6-9 months after birth, a child's immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins.
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- As aging occurs, the immune system begins to lose its ability to ward off pathogens.
- Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by natural age advancement.
- The age-associated impairment of dendritic Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) has profound implications as this translates into a deficiency in cell-mediated immunity and thus, the inability for effector T-lymphocytes to modulate an adaptive immune response.
- A decline in humoral immunity caused by a reduction in the population of antibody producing B-cells along with a smaller immunoglobulin diversity and affinity.
- hampered immune defences against viral pathogens, especially by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
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- B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response, which is governed by T cells) .
- B cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune system.
- This information would then be used as a part of the adaptive immune system for a more efficient and more powerful immune response for future encounters with that antigen.
- This subsequent amplification with improved specificity of immune response is known as secondary immune response.
- B cells are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses.
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- A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.
- A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the immune system, including both the B and T cells of the adaptive immune system and natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system .
- B and T cells and their various subdivisions perform many adaptive immune functions.
- B cells are involved in humoral adaptive immunity, producing the antibodies that circulate through the plasma.
- B cells are important to adaptive immune function but can cause problems as well.
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- Innate immune system functions from leukocytes include:
- Compared to the innate immune system, adaptive immune functions work much faster and have a memory component to them as well, which prevents reinfection by the same pathogen, but more time typically passes before the adpative immune system is functional.
- Adaptive immune functions of leukocytes include:
- The T cells will then start the adaptive immune response by rapidly proliferating and differentiating.
- Humoral activities.