endometrium

Examples of endometrium in the following topics:

• Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle

  • The uterine cycle describes a series of changes that occur to the lining of the uterus, or endometrium, during a typical menstrual cycle.
  • Several changes to the uterine lining (endometrium) occur during the menstrual cycle, also called the uterine cycle.
  • The endometrium is the innermost glandular layer of the uterus.
  • The sudden change in hormones at the time of ovulation sometimes causes minor changes in the endometrium and light midcycle blood flow.
  • Anovulatory flow that results from a very thick endometrium caused by prolonged, continued high estrogen levels is called estrogen breakthrough bleeding.

• Uterus

  • It implants into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose.
  • The lining of the uterine cavity is called the endometrium.
  • It consists of the functional endometrium and the basal endometrium from which the former arises.
  • Damage to the basal endometrium results in adhesion formation and/or fibrosis (Asherman's syndrome).
  • In all placental mammals, including humans, the endometrium builds a lining periodically which is shed or reabsorbed if no pregnancy occurs.

• Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

  • Throughout the entire follicular phase, rising estrogen levels in the blood stimulate growth of the endometrium and myometrium of the uterus.
  • This also causes endometrial cells to produce receptors for progesterone, which helps prime the endometrium to the late proliferative phase and the luteal phase.
  • High estrogen levels initiate the formation of a new layer of endometrium in the uterus, the proliferative endometrium.
  • Progesterone plays a vital role in making the endometrium receptive to implantation of the blastocyst and supportive of the early pregnancy.

• Endometriosis

  • Endometriosis is a condition where the cells of the endometrium leak out and grow outside of the uterine cavity.
  • Endometriosis is a gynecological medical condition in which cells from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) leak out and flourish outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries.

• Implantation

  • The syncytiotrophoblast then implants the blastocyst into the endometrium of the uterus by forming finger-like projections into the uterine wall called chorionic villi.
  • During implantation, extensions of the trophoblast, the syncytiotrophoblasts, embed within the endometrium and form chorionic villi.

• Ovaries

  • Progesterone functions with estrogen by promoting menstrual cycle changes in the endometrium.
  • The co-actions of progesterone and estrogen promote menstrual cycle changes in the endometrium.

• Blastocyst Formation

  • The trophoblast combines with the maternal endometrium to form the placenta in eutherian mammals.

• Development of the Extraembryonic Coelom

  • Villi emerge from the chorion, which invade the endometrium, destroy the uterine decidua, and allow the transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood.

• Hormonal Methods

  • Estrogen was originally included in oral contraceptives for better cycle control (to stabilize the endometrium and thereby reduce the incidence of breakthrough bleeding), but was also found to inhibit follicular development and help prevent ovulation.
  • Changes in the endometrium caused by hormonal birth control prevent implantation of an embryo in the uterus, and though this likely contributes to the effectiveness of the hormonal contraceptives, there is little quantification of the degree to which this mechanism acts. .

• Extrauterine Effects of Estrogens and Progesterone

  • They are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of menstrual cycle regulation.
  • It converts the endometrium to its secretory stage to prepare the uterus for implantation.