Examples of differentiation in the following topics:
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- The daughters are the myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells, which cannot self renew but differentiate into various myeloid leukocytes and lymphocytes respectively.
- Following this split in differentiation, the subtypes undergo eventual differentiation into terminally-differentiated leukocytes, which typically do not divide independently.
- Myelocytes are an offshoot of common myeloid progenitor cells, which also differentiate into the erythropoietic and magakaryotic progenitors.
- This diverse group differentiates into granulocytes and monocytes.
- Monocytes further differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells upon reaching certain tissues.
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- A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation.
- A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation such as
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a growth factor which stimulates the production of white blood cells.
- Hormones are secreted from specialized ductless glands into the circulatory system, differentiating them from cytokines.
- Hematopoiesis as it occurs in humans, with important hemopoietic growth factors affecting differentiation.
- This chart shows the complexity of interactions, and the multitude of growth factors that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells that is common to all cell types.
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- Following antigen presentation, the T cell is activated and begins to differentiate.
- T Cell differentiation happens via the following steps:
- Cloned daughter cells differentiate into either effector T cells or memory T cells.
- Cytotoxic effector T cells are finished, but helper T cells continue to differentiate into individual subsets of helper T cells.
- A hematopoietic stem cell undergoes differentiation and genetic rearrangement to produce lymphocytes in the immune system.
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- The first differentiation of the hESCs that form the embryo proper, is in three cell types known as the germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm.
- A myoblast is a type of embryonic progenitor cell that differentiates to give rise to muscle cells.
- Satellite cells are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibers and to form new ones.
- In undamaged muscle, the majority of satellite cells are quiescent; they neither differentiate nor undergo cell division.
- They are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibers and to form new ones.
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- B Cell Activation refers to the differentiation and clonal expansion of B cells.When the B cell receptor on the cell surface matches its cognate antigen present in the body, the B cell proliferates and secretes a free form of those receptors (antibodies) in the body with identical binding sites as the ones on the original cell surface.
- After activation, the B cell will then undergo differentiation and clonal expansion, which usually involves migrating to germinal centers should the activation take place in a lymph node.
- B Cell differentiation refers to the process by which B cells change into different types, such as plasma cells and plasma blasts.
- For example, memory B cells that differentiate after an adaptive immune response are thought to undergo clonal selection, so that antibodies produced by newer memory B cells have considerably higher binding affinities to their antigen.
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- Hematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow and have the unique ability to differentiate into all of the mature blood cell types.
- Cell determination appears to be dictated by the location of differentiation.
- For instance, the thymus provides an ideal environment for thymocytes to differentiate into a variety of different functional T cells.
- On the other hand, thrombopoietin makes myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes, which produce platelets.
- Structures called "blood islands" form in the yolk sac of an embryo by cellular differentiation of hemangioblasts into endothelial cells.
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- Hemopoetic growth factors regulate the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of progenitor cells in the blood and bone marrow.
- Hemopoietic growth factors regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells.
- Trials of a modified recombinant form, megakaryocyte growth and differentiation factor (MGDF), were stopped when healthy volunteers developed autoantibodies to endogenous thrombopoietin and then developed thrombocytopenia themselves.
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- This tube initially differentiates into three vesicles (pockets): the prosencephalon at the front, the mesencephalon, and between the mesencephalon and the spinal cord, the rhombencephalon.
- As the vertebrate grows, these vesicles differentiate further still.
- The telencephalon differentiates into, among other things, the striatum, the hippocampus, and the neocortex, and its cavity becomes the first and second ventricles.
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- During gastrulation, the embryo develops three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), which differentiate into distinct tissues.
- However, some common features of gastrulation across triploblastic organisms include: (1) A change in the topological structure of the embryo, from a simply connected surface (sphere-like), to a non-simply connected surface (torus-like); (2) the differentiation of cells into one of three types (endodermal, mesodermal, or ectodermal); and (3) the digestive function of a large number of endodermal cells.
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- ESCs have the characteristic properties of a stem cell: self-renewal and differentiation.
- Progenitor stem cells are committed to differentiating along a particular cell developmental pathway.
- The former requires differentiation of endothelial cells from hemangioblasts and then the further organization into a primary capillary network.