cutaneous membrane

Examples of cutaneous membrane in the following topics:

• What is Skin?

  • The cutaneous membrane is the technical term for our skin.

• Intercostal Nerves

  • The other smaller branch, the first intercostal nerve, runs along the first intercostal space and ends on the front of the chest as the first anterior cutaneous branch of the thorax.
  • Near the sternum, they cross in front of the internal mammary artery and transversus thoracis muscle, pierce the intercostales interni, the anterior intercostal membranes, and pectoralis major, and supply the integument of the front of the thorax and over the mamma, forming the anterior cutaneous branches of the thorax.

• Peritonitis

  • Again, in most cases, mixed bacteria are isolated; the most common agents include cutaneous species such as Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, but many others are possible, including fungi such as Candida.
  • The peritoneum, colored in blue, is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity.

• Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System

  • Intrinsic and extrinsic aging describe cutaneous aging of the integumentary system primarily involving the dermis.
  • Intrinsic aging and extrinsic aging are terms used to describe cutaneous aging of the skin and other parts of the integumentary system.
  • It is defined as cutaneous damage caused by chronic exposure to solar radiation and is associated with emergence of neoplastic (cancer) lesions.

• Cervical Plexus

  • The cervical plexus has two types of branches: cutaneous and muscular.
  • The lesser occipital nerve, or small occipital nerve, is a cutaneous spinal nerve that arises between the second and third cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve.
  • The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) arises from the second and third cervical nerves, turns around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus about its middle, then passes obliquely forward beneath the external jugular vein to the anterior border of the muscle, where it perforates the deep cervical fascia and divides beneath the platysma into ascending and descending branches that are distributed to the antero-lateral parts of the neck.

• Membrane Potentials as Signals

  • Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
  • The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions.
  • Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane to establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients, a process known as facilitated diffusion.
  • The membrane potential has two basic functions.
  • Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential that causes electric current to flow rapidly to other points in the membrane.

• Epithelial Membranes

  • The mucous membranes are linings of ectodermal origin.
  • These mucus membranes are involved in absorption and secretion.  
  • These membranes exist in the  hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts.
  • The term "mucous membrane" refers to where they are found in the body; not every mucous membrane secretes mucus.
  • Most mucous membranes contain stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelial tissue.

• Basement Membranes and Diseases

  • The basement membrane anchors epithelium to the connective tissue beneath it.
  • The two layers are collectively known as the basement membrane.
  • The basement membrane is also essential for angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels).
  • Basement membrane proteins have been found to accelerate differentiation of endothelial cells.
  • Some diseases result from a poorly-functioning basement membrane.

• Interosseous Membranes

  • The interosseous membrane is a type of connective tissue found between certain bones in the body.
  • The long bones of the lower arm and the leg both have attached interosseous membranes.
  • The muscles in the leg are separated into sections in the front and back with this membrane.
  • Twisting bones with an attached interosseous membrane in an abnormal or extreme position can damage the membrane, as well as create a fracture in one or both bones.
  • This image shows the interosseous membrane connecting the radius and the ulna.

• Resting Membrane Potentials

  • The potential difference in a resting neuron is called the resting membrane potential.
  • The potential difference in a resting neuron is called the resting membrane potential.
  • This causes the membrane to be polarized.
  • The value of the resting membrane potential varies from -40mV to -90mV in a different types of neurons.
  • The resting membrane potential exists only across the membrane.