contraception

Examples of contraception in the following topics:

• Hormonal Methods

  • Hormonal contraception is a type of birth control method that acts on the endocrine system.
  • The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in 1960.
  • Altogether, 18% of the world's contraceptive users rely on hormonal methods.
  • Combined hormonal contraceptives prevent ovulation by suppressing the release of gonadotropins.
  • Oral contraceptives typically come in foil packets with designated pills for each day.

• Spermicides

  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
  • Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that eradicates sperm and is inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
  • As a contraceptive, spermicide may be used alone.
  • Usually spermicides are combined with contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, cervical caps, and sponges.
  • Spermicides are believed to increase the contraceptive efficacy of condoms.

• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

  • Names and descriptors of intrauterine contraceptive devices vary by location.
  • In the United States, two types of intrauterine contraceptive (both referred to as IUDs) are available: the copper Paragard and the hormonal Mirena.
  • Hormonal intrauterine contraceptives are considered to be a different type of birth control, and they are distinguished with the term intrauterine system or IUS.
  • Although use of the Mirena results in much lower systemic progestogen levels than other very-low-dose progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, it may still have some of the same side effects as low does progesterone-only hormonal contraceptives.
  • Unlike oral contraceptives, with the use of the Mirena the hormones are localized to the uterine area.

• Barrier Methods

  • Barrier contraception methods prevent pregnancy by physically preventing sperm from entering the uterus.
  • Barrier contraception methods prevent pregnancy by physically preventing sperm from entering the uterus.
  • The cervical cap is a form of female barrier contraception.
  • The diaphragm has become an increasingly unpopular method of birth control, replaced with oral contraceptives and IUDs.
  • In 2002, only 0.2% of American women were using a diaphragm as their primary method of contraception.

• Periodic Abstinence

  • Of commonly known methods of birth control, only the cervical cap and contraceptive sponge have comparably high failure rates.
  • However, the length of the pre-ovulatory phase can vary significantly, depending on the woman's typical cycle length, stress factors, medication, illness, menopause, breastfeeding, and whether she is just coming off hormonal contraception.
  • This schematic of a typical female menstrual cycle shows that periods of ovulation are taken in account to be a period of abstinence in calendar-based contraception methods.

• Ovarian Cancer

  • Use of combined oral contraceptive pills is a protective factor.
  • Early age at first pregnancy, older age of final pregnancy and the use of low dose hormonal contraception have also been shown to have a protective effect.

• Testes Ducts

  • The procedure of deferentectomy, also known as a vasectomy, is a method of contraception in which the vasa deferentia are permanently cut, though in some cases it can be reversed.
  • Research in male contraception have focused primarily on the vas deferens with the use of the intra-vas device and reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance.

• Raynaud's Phenomenon

  • Raynaud's may be aggravated by hormones and hormone regulators, such as hormonal contraception.
  • Contraception that is low in estrogen is preferable, and the progesterone-only pill is often prescribed for women with Raynaud's.

• Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

  • The evidence of the effect of oral contraceptives is controversial.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Some common conditions that can lead to CTS include obesity, oral contraceptives, hypothyroidism, arthritis, diabetes, and trauma.