line element

(noun)

An invariant quantity in special relativity

Related Terms

Examples of line element in the following topics:

  • Different Types of Currents

    • An electrical circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements that has a closed loop giving a return path for the current.
    • An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, voltage sources, current sources and switches.
    • Electrical networks that consist only of sources (voltage or current), linear lumped elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors), and linear distributed elements (transmission lines) can be analyzed by algebraic and transform methods.
    • A set of example circuit elements and their associated symbols commonly used in circuit diagrams.
    • Describe structure of an electrical circuit and identify elements of a direct current circuit

  • X-Rays

    • This process produces an emission spectrum of x-rays at a few discrete frequencies, sometimes referred to as the spectral lines.
    • The spectral lines generated depend on the target (anode) element used and therefore are called characteristic lines.
    • Usually these are transitions from upper shells into the K shell (called K lines), or the L shell (called L lines), and so on.

  • The Spectrometer

    • The instrument produces lines, much like those produced from diffraction grating as covered in a previous atom, and then measures the wavelengths and intensities of those lines.
    • All of these elements are controlled by a computer, which records the findings.

  • Induced EMF and Magnetic Flux

    • The magnetic flux through some surface is proportional to the number of field lines passing through that surface.
    • where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (having the unit of Tesla, T), A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to A.
    • For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux $d\Phi _B$ through an infinitesimal area element dA, where we may consider the field to be constant:
    • A generic surface, A, can then be broken into infinitesimal elements and the total magnetic flux through the surface is then the surface integral

  • The Periodic Table

    • Elements are presented according to their atomic numbers (number of protons) in increasing order.
    • The standard form of the table comprises an eighteen by seven grid or main body of elements, positioned above a smaller double row of elements.
    • Each chemical element has a unique atomic number representing the number of protons in its nucleus.
    • They are always grouped together under a single element.
    • The production of elements beyond ununoctium is being pursued.

  • The Periodic Table of Elements

    • The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements.
    • In the periodic table, elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons).
    • Using the trends he observed, he even left gaps for those elements that he thought were "missing. " He even predicted the properties that he thought the missing elements would have when they were discovered.
    • Each entry on the periodic table represents one element, and compounds are made up of several of these elements.
    • Explain how properties of elements vary within groups and across periods in the periodic table

  • The Relativistic Universe

    • In mathematics, a metric or distance function is a function which defines a distance between elements of a set.
    • In this case, the set is the space-time and the elements are points in that space-time.
    • The precise definition of curvature requires knowledge of advanced mathematics, but an intuitive way to understand it is that the definition of a straight line changes in curved spacetime.

  • Diffraction Gratings: X-Ray, Grating, Reflection

    • The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element.
    • A photographic slide with a fine pattern of purple lines forms a complex grating.
    • For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines.

  • Equipotential Lines

    • This means that if a charge is at any point on a given equipotential line, no work will be required to move it from one point to another on that same line.
    • An isolated point charge Q with its electric field lines (blue) and equipotential lines (green)
    • When charges are lined up and continuous on conducting plates, equipotential lines are straight between them.
    • The only exception is a curving of the lines near the edges of the conductor plates.
    • Describe the shape of the equipotential lines for several charge configurations

  • Problems

    • Draw the world line of someone travelling at $\frac{3}{5}$ of the speed of light.The world line should intersect with the origin of the spacetime diagram.Label this world line $t'$.The $t'$-axis is the path of Kara through the spacetime.
    • Draw the world lines of the ends of Kara's ladder.These lines are parallel to Kara's time axis.
    • The final element is the fact that only a tiny fraction of the particles bounce back and forth.