hydraulic press

Examples of hydraulic press in the following topics:

• Pascal's Principle

  • Named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal, who established this important relationship, Pascal's Principle can be used to exploit pressure of a static liquid as a measure of energy per unit volume to perform work in applications such as hydraulic presses.
  • Taking advantage of this phenomenon, hydraulic presses are able to exert a large amount of force requiring a much smaller amount of input force. gives two different types of hydraulic press configurations, the first in which there is no difference in height of the static liquid and the second in which there is a difference in height Δh of the static liquid.
  • Depending on the applied pressure and geometry of the hydraulic press, the magnitude of F2 can be changed.
  • For a hydraulic press, the force multiplication factor is the ratio of the output to the input contact areas.
  • Two different types of hydraulic press configurations, the first in which there is no difference in height of the static liquid and the second in which there is a difference in height Δh of the static liquid.

• Hydraulic Jump

  • We neglect the vertical motion of the fluid and assume that all dimensions are large compared with the depth of the fluid --- this is the hydraulic approximation.
  • We can apply the results from gas dynamics to hydraulics as along as the flow is abiabatic --- no shocks.
  • Such discontinuities are known as hydraulic jumps.

• Flow through a Channel

  • Much of the intuition developed in hydraulics carries over to other fluid systems (even astrophysical ones); furthermore, water running through a channel is something with which most are familiar.
  • Let's write out the Bernoulli equation (divided by $g$ as customary in hydraulics) for the fluid moving along the surface,
  • The quantity $h_0$ is a constant along the surface streamline, and it is so important in hydraulics that it has a special name, specific head.
  • This is a common assumption in hydraulics.

• Problems

  • When water flows into a bathtub, a circular hydraulic jump forms around the incoming stream of water.

• Poiseuille's Equation and Viscosity

  • Laminar flow is often encountered in common hydraulic systems, such as where fluid flow is through an enclosed, rigid pipe; the fluid is incompressible, has constant viscosity, and the Reynolds number is below this lower critical threshold value.
  • This equation is valid for laminar flow of incompressible fluids only, and may be used to determine a number of properties in the hydraulic system, if the others are known or can be measured.
  • Poiseuille's equation as given in this example (see ) is analogous to Ohm's equation for determining the resistance in an electronic circuit and is of great practical use in hydraulic-circuit analysis.

• What is a Fluid?

  • For example, "brake fluid" is hydraulic oil and will not perform its required function if there is gas in it.

• Flow Rate and Velocity

  • Flow of fluids through a closed system is often analyzed as a hydraulic circuit analogous to electron flow in an electronic circuit where: 1) the volumetric fluid flow is analogous to the electric current, 2) pressure is analogous to the voltage, and 3) fluid velocity is analogous to current density.

• Pressure

• B.12 Chapter 12

  • When water flows into a bathtub, a circular hydraulic jump forms around the incoming stream of water.

• Diffraction Gratings: X-Ray, Grating, Reflection

  • Ordinary pressed CD and DVD media are every-day examples of diffraction gratings and can be used to demonstrate the effect by reflecting sunlight off them onto a white wall.
  • In a standard pressed vinyl record when viewed from a low angle perpendicular to the grooves, one can see a similar, but less defined effect to that in a CD/DVD.